Spitzweg Christine, Morris John C
Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2002 Nov;57(5):559-74. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2002.01640.x.
The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is an intrinsic plasma membrane protein that mediates the active transport of iodide in the thyroid gland and a number of extrathyroidal tissues, in particular lactating mammary gland. Because of its crucial role in the ability of thyroid follicular cells to trap iodide, cloning of NIS opened an exciting and extensive new field of thyroid-related research. Cloning and molecular characterization of NIS allowed investigation of its expression and regulation in thyroidal and nonthyroidal tissues, and its potential pathophysiological and therapeutic implications in benign and malignant thyroid disease. In addition to its key function in thyroid physiology, NIS-mediated iodide accumulation allows diagnostic thyroid scintigraphy as well as effective therapeutic application of radioiodine in benign and malignant thyroid disease. Characterization and application of NIS as a novel therapeutic gene and the presence of high native NIS expression in the majority of breast cancers further suggest a promising role of NIS in diagnosis and therapy of cancer outside the thyroid gland.
碘化钠转运体（NIS）是一种内在的质膜蛋白，介导甲状腺及许多甲状腺外组织（特别是哺乳期乳腺）中碘化物的主动转运。由于其在甲状腺滤泡细胞捕获碘化物能力中起关键作用，NIS的克隆开启了一个令人兴奋且广泛的甲状腺相关研究新领域。NIS的克隆和分子特征分析使得对其在甲状腺和非甲状腺组织中的表达及调控进行研究成为可能，以及其在良性和恶性甲状腺疾病中的潜在病理生理和治疗意义。除了在甲状腺生理学中的关键功能外，NIS介导的碘化物积累使得甲状腺诊断性闪烁扫描以及放射性碘在良性和恶性甲状腺疾病中的有效治疗应用成为可能。NIS作为一种新型治疗基因的特征和应用，以及大多数乳腺癌中存在较高的天然NIS表达，进一步表明NIS在甲状腺外癌症的诊断和治疗中具有广阔前景。
