Gadisi Rinae Prisca, Naicker Meleshni, Naidoo Strinivasen
Department of Therapeutics and Medicine Management, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 Jul 3;16:1567405. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1567405. eCollection 2025.
The intrinsic transmembrane protein known as sodium iodide symporter (NIS) facilitates the active transport of iodide across the basolateral membrane of thyroid follicular cells. Iodine is an essential molecule that is used to produce the classical thyroid hormones that contribute to growth and development of various parts of the body and play a significant role as metabolic regulators. The cloning of the human NIS gene in 1996 has led to widespread advancements in thyroid-related research. Amongst these, the significant discovery of extra-thyroidal expression of thyroid-specific genes and proteins such as NIS in both human and non-human subjects has been well documented. The identification of NIS protein in non-thyroid tissue provides potential targets for therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating autoimmune responses in various parts of the body. In the diagnosis and prognosis of different types of cancer, the molecular and protein expression of NIS may prove to be an important cancer biomarker. This review will cover the extra-thyroidal distribution of NIS, as well as its pathophysiological implications in various tissues of human and non-human organs.
被称为钠碘同向转运体（NIS）的内在跨膜蛋白促进碘离子在甲状腺滤泡细胞基底外侧膜上的主动转运。碘是一种必需分子，用于合成经典的甲状腺激素，这些激素有助于身体各部位的生长发育，并作为代谢调节因子发挥重要作用。1996年人类NIS基因的克隆推动了甲状腺相关研究的广泛进展。其中，甲状腺特异性基因和蛋白质（如NIS）在人类和非人类受试者的甲状腺外表达这一重要发现已有充分记载。在非甲状腺组织中鉴定出NIS蛋白为旨在调节身体各部位自身免疫反应的治疗干预提供了潜在靶点。在不同类型癌症的诊断和预后中，NIS的分子和蛋白表达可能被证明是一种重要的癌症生物标志物。本综述将涵盖NIS在甲状腺外的分布及其在人类和非人类器官各组织中的病理生理意义。
