Early photocoagulation treatment of active histoplasmic maculopathy.

Photocoagulation has proved to be an effective means of treating active presumed histoplasmic maculopathy. Xenon arc and argon laser light sources have proved equally effective when moderately intense, confluent burns are produced, and both are ineffective when mild lesions are produced. The membrane must be destroyed for the treatment to be effective; and, of course, the fovea must be preserved. In treating neovascular nets that are very close to the fovea, the argon laser offers the advantage of being capable of producing a sharper zone of delineation than the xenon arc (Fig. 6). When moderate amounts of subretinal fluid or hemoglobin overlie the neovascular membrane, it is very difficult to achieve the required degree of coagulation. Under these circumstances, it is best first to try to reduce the height of the sensory retinal detachment by means of systemic steroid treatment. If this is not successful, xenon photocoagulation has produced better coagulation effects than the argon laser. Analysis of our data indicates that resultant visual acuity can be correlated with pretreatment visual acuity (Fig. 5), with best results achieved before visual acuity deteriorates beyond the 20/40 level. The closer the edge of the neovascular membrane is to the fovea, the more risky it is to treat. However, these lesions are also those most apt to destroy central vision if left alone. It is encouraging to note that in only 3 of the 16 lesions in which the foveal edge was within 1 degree of the fovea did the visual acuity deteriorate to the 20/200 level, compared to 50 percent deterioration reported in the natural history of this disease [3].