Rasmussen Lone B, Ovesen Lars, Bülow Inge, Jørgensen Torben, Knudsen Nils, Laurberg Peter, Perrild Hans
Institute of Food Research and Nutrition, the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Søborg, Denmark.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Nov;76(5):1069-76. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/76.5.1069.
Iodine intake can be measured in various ways, and each method may have advantages and disadvantages.
We sought to investigate the potential associations of various measures of iodine intake with thyroid volume, prevalence of thyroid nodules, and serum thyroglobulin. We also sought to identify, if possible, groups at risk of thyroid disease because of their food choices.
This cohort study included 4649 randomly selected subjects with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency; the subjects lived in 2 cities in Denmark. Iodine intake was estimated by using a food-frequency questionnaire and by measuring iodine excretion in spot urine samples. Thyroid volume and nodularity were measured with ultrasonography.
In multiple linear regression models, significant inverse relations were found between thyroid volume and estimated 24-h iodine excretion, iodine intake from diet plus supplements, iodine intake from diet/kg body wt, and milk intake (P = 0.001 for all), but not urinary iodine excretion measured as a concentration (P = 0.40). All measures of iodine intake were significantly related to serum thyroglobulin concentration (P <or= 0.002), but only some measures of iodine intake were significantly related to the prevalence of thyroid nodules.
Even in a geographic area where mild iodine deficiency is common, a significant relation between iodine intake and thyroid volume was found. All measures of iodine intake, except iodine excretion measured as a urinary concentration, predicted thyroid volume. Serum thyroglobulin concentration appears to be a good marker of iodine status. Subgroups with low intakes of milk and milk products had an increased risk of thyroid disease.
碘摄入量可以通过多种方式进行测量，每种方法都可能有其优缺点。
我们试图研究碘摄入量的各种测量指标与甲状腺体积、甲状腺结节患病率及血清甲状腺球蛋白之间的潜在关联。我们还试图尽可能确定因食物选择而有甲状腺疾病风险的人群。
这项队列研究纳入了4649名随机选取的轻度至中度碘缺乏受试者；这些受试者生活在丹麦的两个城市。通过食物频率问卷和测量随机尿样中的碘排泄量来估计碘摄入量。用超声测量甲状腺体积和结节情况。
在多元线性回归模型中，甲状腺体积与估计的24小时碘排泄量、饮食加补充剂的碘摄入量、每千克体重的饮食碘摄入量及牛奶摄入量之间均存在显著的负相关（所有P值均为0.001），但以浓度表示的尿碘排泄量无此相关性（P = 0.40）。所有碘摄入量测量指标均与血清甲状腺球蛋白浓度显著相关（P≤0.002），但只有部分碘摄入量测量指标与甲状腺结节患病率显著相关。
即使在轻度碘缺乏常见的地理区域，也发现碘摄入量与甲状腺体积之间存在显著关联。除了以尿浓度表示的碘排泄量外，所有碘摄入量测量指标均能预测甲状腺体积。血清甲状腺球蛋白浓度似乎是碘状态的良好标志物。牛奶和奶制品摄入量低的亚组患甲状腺疾病的风险增加。
