Thornhill J A, Hirst M, Gowdey C W
Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1975 Dec;218(2):277-89.
The effects on behaviour and growth of rats given heroin s.c. every 8-hr, and during withdrawal (saline q.8.h.) were studied. Performance of rats trained on one food-reinforcement schedule (FR-10 or VI-10) was tested every day after one of the injections of saline or heroin. Doses of 0.25 mg/kg/injection heroin hydrochloride were increased stepwise to 32 mg/kg as "behavioural tolerance" developed. Threshold doses which blocked feeding in the first 30 min of testing ranged from 0.75 to 4.0 mg/kg and "tolerance" to 32 mg/kg/injection required from 18-71 + days. Heroin interrupted growth in heavier rats; lighter rats gained like saline-treated controls. Within 48 hr of withdrawal bar-pressing increased but all rats lost weight, were hyperirritable, and had diarrhoea. Thereafter, performance and body weight rose steadily. Administration of heroin at regular intervals over a prolonged period, and withdrawal from it, cause a disruption in behaviour comparable to that reported for morphine.
研究了每8小时皮下注射海洛因以及戒断期间（每8小时注射生理盐水）对大鼠行为和生长的影响。在对大鼠进行一种食物强化程序（固定比率10或可变间隔10）训练后，每天在注射一次生理盐水或海洛因后测试其表现。随着“行为耐受性”的发展，盐酸海洛因的剂量从每次注射0.25毫克/千克逐步增加到32毫克/千克。在测试的前30分钟内阻断进食的阈剂量范围为0.75至4.0毫克/千克，对32毫克/千克/注射的“耐受性”需要18 - 71 +天。海洛因会干扰较重大鼠的生长；较轻的大鼠体重增加情况与生理盐水处理的对照组相似。在戒断的48小时内，压杆行为增加，但所有大鼠体重减轻、极度易怒且出现腹泻。此后，表现和体重稳步上升。长期定期给予海洛因并随后戒断，会导致行为紊乱，这与吗啡的情况类似。
