Thronhill J A, Hirst M, Gowdey C W
Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1976 Sep;223(1):120-31.
Rectral temperatures and feeding activity were measured in adult male rats every 30 min for 4 hr, then every 4 hr following daily s.c. injections at 08:00 or 20:00hr or saline or heroin. Initial heroin injections disrupted diurnal temperature and feeding rhythms: 5 mg/kg heroin HCl induced hyperthermia and abolished feeding for 2 hr; 20 mg/kg led to hypothermia, then hyperthermia and abolished feeding for 4 hr. By the 5th heroin day hyperthermia and increased feeding occurred in all groups with a shorter latency to onset. Total food intake was higher than on the 1st heroin day but the diurnal patterns remained disrupted. Changes in both diurnal rhythms again occurred on the 1st withdrawal day as hypothermia, sporadic feeding and hyper-irritability were observed. By the 5th withdrawal day diurnal temperature and feeding rhythms resembled those of the control period. Monitoring diurnal temperature and feeding patterns of rats reveals characteristic dose-related disruptions after heroin which are modified by repeated doses as tolerance develops and which eventually disappear on withdrawal.
对成年雄性大鼠每隔30分钟测量一次直肠温度和进食活动，持续4小时，之后在每天08:00或20:00皮下注射生理盐水或海洛因后每隔4小时测量一次。最初注射海洛因会扰乱昼夜体温和进食节律：5mg/kg盐酸海洛因会引起体温过高并使进食停止2小时；20mg/kg会导致体温过低，随后体温过高并使进食停止4小时。到海洛因注射第5天时，所有组均出现体温过高和进食增加的情况，且开始出现的延迟时间更短。总食物摄入量高于海洛因注射第1天，但昼夜模式仍被打乱。在戒断第1天，昼夜节律再次发生变化，出现体温过低、间歇性进食和过度易怒的情况。到戒断第5天时，昼夜体温和进食节律与对照期相似。监测大鼠的昼夜体温和进食模式发现，海洛因注射后会出现与剂量相关的特征性紊乱，随着耐受性的发展，重复给药会对其产生改变，最终在戒断时消失。
