Nepal Sanjay K
Resource, Recreation and Tourism Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, UNBC, Prince George, British Columbia, V2N 4Z9 Canada.
Environ Manage. 2002 Dec;30(6):748-63. doi: 10.1007/s00267-002-2710-y.
Despite over two decades of efforts towards involving indigenous and traditional peoples in protected area management, there are few successful examples. Several international principles and guidelines on indigenous peoples' involvement in protected areas exist. However, because of the lack of evaluation of whether or not these principles and guidelines have been put into practice, there is hardly any information that indicates the actual involvement of indigenous peoples in protected areas. This paper attempts to compare efforts in partnership between indigenous peoples and protected area authority in three Asian countries: Nepal, Thailand, and China. It shows that the involvement of indigenous peoples is more successful where park planning is participatory and where political and socioeconomic reforms are underway. Indigenous peoples are in conflict with park authorities where park management is centralized and nonparticipatory. Unless concrete efforts are made to address livelihood issues of indigenous peoples living in and around protected areas, park management aimed to protect wildlife will rarely succeed. Participatory park management that involves indigenous peoples and that addresses livelihood issues of indigenous communities will ultimately succeed in its efforts toward wildlife conservation.
尽管在让原住民和传统民族参与保护区管理方面已经努力了二十多年，但成功案例却寥寥无几。目前存在一些关于原住民参与保护区事务的国际原则和指导方针。然而，由于缺乏对这些原则和指导方针是否得到实施的评估，几乎没有任何信息表明原住民实际参与了保护区事务。本文试图比较尼泊尔、泰国和中国这三个亚洲国家在原住民与保护区管理部门建立伙伴关系方面所做的努力。结果表明，在公园规划具有参与性且正在进行政治和社会经济改革的地方，原住民的参与更为成功。在公园管理集中且缺乏参与性的地方，原住民与公园管理部门存在冲突。除非切实努力解决生活在保护区内及周边的原住民的生计问题，否则旨在保护野生动物的公园管理很少会取得成功。让原住民参与其中并解决原住民社区生计问题的参与式公园管理，最终将在野生动物保护方面取得成功。
