Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Ambio. 2012 May;41(3):247-61. doi: 10.1007/s13280-011-0194-9. Epub 2011 Oct 27.
The rapid development of parks and ecotourism in China has attracted worldwide attention, not only for the beauty of the landscape that the parks are protecting but also for their abundant and often unique biodiversity. However, in some areas, the development of ecotourism has actually led to the degradation of local ecological, economic, and social systems. Using National Forest Parks for demonstration, this article analyzes the current political, institutional, legal, environmental, and economic issues concerning National Parks in China, and examines their potential future development. Although the intention of National Park systems in China is to raise environmental quality, and to protect biodiversity and social livelihoods, their success has varied. Future success will be measured by their capacity to reduce poverty, to promote long-term rehabilitation of wildlife habitats, and to simultaneously protect Chinese culture and biodiversity.
中国公园和生态旅游的快速发展引起了全球关注，不仅因为这些公园所保护的景观之美，还因为它们拥有丰富且常常独特的生物多样性。然而，在一些地区，生态旅游的发展实际上已经导致了当地生态、经济和社会系统的退化。本文以国家森林公园为例，分析了中国国家公园目前在政治、体制、法律、环境和经济方面存在的问题，并探讨了它们未来的发展潜力。尽管中国国家公园系统的初衷是提高环境质量，保护生物多样性和社会生计，但它们的成功情况各不相同。未来的成功将取决于它们减少贫困、促进野生动物栖息地长期恢复以及同时保护中国文化和生物多样性的能力。
