Linzer Mark, McMurray Julia E, Visser Mechteld R M, Oort Frans J, Smets Ellen, de Haes Hanneke C J M
Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam.
J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972). 2002 Fall;57(4):191-3.
to determine if there are sex differences in physician burnout in the Netherlands and, if not, to explore why they are present in the United States.
Separate physician surveys were conducted in the United States (n=2326) and the Netherlands (n=1426). Thirty-three percent of US respondents were female (adjusted response rate 52%); 18% of Dutch respondents were female (adjusted response rate 63%). Standardized mean sex differences (effect sizes) in burnout variables were calculated and compared crossnationally.
US women experienced more burnout than US men did (28% v 21%, p<.01), but the sex difference in burnout among Dutch physicians was not significant. Women in both countries worked fewer hours than men did (48 v 56 US, 44 v 56 NL, difference in effect sizes of sex differences between US and NL, p<.001). Although women in both countries described less work control than men, the effect size of the sex difference in the United States was more than twice that in the Netherlands (.34 US v .15 NL, p<.01). Children, home support, and work-home interference were comparable between sexes in the United States.
Gender parity in physician burnout in the Netherlands may be due to fewer work hours and greater work control of women compared to those in the United States.
确定荷兰医生职业倦怠是否存在性别差异，若不存在，则探究美国为何存在这种差异。
分别在美国（n = 2326）和荷兰（n = 1426）开展医生调查。美国受访者中33%为女性（调整后回复率52%）；荷兰受访者中18%为女性（调整后回复率63%）。计算职业倦怠变量的标准化平均性别差异（效应量）并进行跨国比较。
美国女性比男性经历更多职业倦怠（28%对21%，p <.01），但荷兰医生职业倦怠的性别差异不显著。两国女性工作时长均少于男性（美国48小时对56小时，荷兰44小时对56小时，美国和荷兰性别差异效应量的差异，p <.001）。尽管两国女性描述的工作控制权均少于男性，但美国性别差异的效应量是荷兰的两倍多（美国为0.34，荷兰为0.15，p <.01）。在美国，儿童、家庭支持和工作-家庭干扰在性别之间具有可比性。
荷兰医生职业倦怠的性别平等可能归因于与美国女性相比，荷兰女性工作时长更少且工作控制权更大。
