Santamaría S, Back W, van Weeren P R, Knaap J, Barneveld A
Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Equine Vet J Suppl. 2002 Sep(34):302-7. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05437.x.
The selection of foals as future showjumpers remains a subjective process based on qualitative parameters; and hence, frequently suffers from disparity in the criteria used by experts in the field. A detailed biomechanical description of foals while jumping would be most helpful in providing a better basis for the accurate assessment of their future athletic ability. The Qualisys Pro Reflex system was used to capture 3-dimensional kinematics of 41 Dutch Warmblood foals age 6 months free jumping a vertical fence, preceded by a cross pole fence. The left lead was the most preferred lead for both the fore- and hindlimbs, from the landing following the cross poles to the first move-off stride after clearing the vertical fence. The foals displayed a high incidence of rotary gallop during both the jump stride (divided into take-off, jump suspension and landing) and the first move-off stride, while change of lead was frequently observed during jump suspension. At the take-off side of the fence, the trailing forelimb in the last approach stride was placed furthest from the fence, whereas the trailing hindlimb at take-off was placed closest (P<0.05). At the landing side, the trailing forelimb was the closest and the leading hindlimb of the move-off stride 1 was the furthest (P<0.05). The trailing forelimb in the approach stride 1 had a significantly longer stance phase duration than the leading forelimb. At landing, the leading forelimb stance phase lasted longer than that of the trailing forelimb (P<0.05). The hindlimbs did not differ in their stance phase duration at take-off. The height reached by the hooves above the fence top was significantly greater in the hind limbs (P<0.05). In addition, the hindlimbs (97.1 +/- 2.6%) shortened more than the forelimbs (92.6 +/- 5.7%) (P<0.05). It is concluded that the overall jumping technique of foals is similar to that reported in literature for mature horses. If the patterns are consistent throughout the rearing period, the quantitative analysis of the kinematics of free jumping foals may provide a valid quantitative basis for early selection.
选择未来的场地障碍赛马驹仍然是一个基于定性参数的主观过程；因此，该领域专家使用的标准常常存在差异。对驹在跳跃时进行详细的生物力学描述，将有助于为准确评估其未来运动能力提供更好的依据。使用Qualisys Pro Reflex系统捕捉了41匹6个月大的荷兰温血驹自由跳跃垂直障碍（之前先跳一根横杆障碍）时的三维运动学数据。从横杆障碍后的落地到越过垂直障碍后的第一次起跳步幅，左前肢和左后肢都是最常用的肢体。驹在跳跃步幅（分为起跳、跳跃悬停和落地）和第一次起跳步幅中，旋转疾驰的发生率很高，而在跳跃悬停期间经常观察到肢体转换。在障碍的起跳侧，最后接近步幅中的后随前肢离障碍最远，而起跳时的后随后肢离障碍最近（P<0.05）。在落地侧，后随前肢离障碍最近，而第一步幅的领先后肢离障碍最远（P<0.05）。接近步幅1中的后随前肢的站立期持续时间明显长于领先前肢。在落地时，领先前肢的站立期持续时间长于后随前肢（P<0.05）。后肢在起跳时的站立期持续时间没有差异。后肢蹄子越过障碍顶部的高度明显高于前肢（P<0.05）。此外，后肢（97.1 +/- 2.6%）的缩短程度大于前肢（92.6 +/- 5.7%）（P<0.05）。结论是，驹的整体跳跃技术与文献中报道的成年马相似。如果这些模式在整个饲养期内保持一致，对自由跳跃驹的运动学进行定量分析可能为早期选择提供有效的定量依据。
