Irwin Julia R, Carter Alice S, Briggs-Gowan Margaret J
Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002 Nov;41(11):1324-32. doi: 10.1097/00004583-200211000-00014.
To examine the social-emotional problems and competencies of toddlers who evidenced lags in expressive language without concomitant receptive language delays.
Maternal report and observation of 14 "late-talking" toddlers was compared with that of 14 control toddlers. Participants were selected on the basis of maternal report of vocabulary production with the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory Short Forms and by direct assessment with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Social-emotional functioning was assessed with the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment, the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5, and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Expanded Form. Toddler affect was observed using the Parent-Child Early Relational Assessment. The Parenting Stress Index Short Form was used to assess maternal stress.
Late talkers were rated higher in depression/withdrawal and lower in social relatedness, pretend play/imitation, and compliance on the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment and more withdrawn on the Child Behavior Checklist than controls. Observation indicated late talkers were more serious, more depressed/withdrawn, and less interested in play. Late talkers were reported to be lower in socialization on the Vineland. Mothers of late talkers endorsed higher parent-child dysfunction on the Parenting Stress Index. No differences were found for externalizing behaviors or peer relationships.
Early lags in expressive language are associated with poor social-emotional adjustment. Intervention may ameliorate difficulty in linguistic and social-emotional functioning.
研究那些在表达性语言方面存在滞后但接受性语言无相应延迟的幼儿的社会情感问题及能力。
将14名“说话晚”幼儿的母亲报告及观察结果与14名对照幼儿的进行比较。根据母亲使用《麦克阿瑟沟通发展量表简表》对词汇量的报告以及通过《马伦早期学习量表》的直接评估来选择参与者。使用《婴幼儿社会情感评估量表》、《儿童行为检查表（1.5 - 5岁）》和《文兰适应行为量表扩展版》来评估社会情感功能。使用《亲子早期关系评估量表》观察幼儿的情感。使用《养育压力指数简表》评估母亲的压力。
在《婴幼儿社会情感评估量表》中，说话晚的幼儿在抑郁/退缩方面得分更高，在社会关系、假装游戏/模仿和依从性方面得分更低，并且在《儿童行为检查表》中比对照组更孤僻。观察表明，说话晚的幼儿更严肃、更抑郁/孤僻，对玩耍的兴趣更低。据报告，说话晚的幼儿在《文兰适应行为量表》中的社交能力较低。说话晚的幼儿的母亲在《养育压力指数》上认可更高的亲子功能障碍。在外显行为或同伴关系方面未发现差异。
表达性语言的早期滞后与社会情感适应不良有关。干预可能会改善语言及社会情感功能方面的困难。
