Huff W E, Huff G R, Rath N C, Balog J M, Donoghue A M
Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, USDA, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA.
Poult Sci. 2002 Oct;81(10):1486-91. doi: 10.1093/ps/81.10.1486.
Bacteriophage to an Escherichia coli isolate that is pathogenic in poultry were isolated from municipal sewer treatment facilities or poultry processing plants. Three studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of aerosol administration of bacteriophage to prevent an E. coli respiratory infection in broiler chickens. In all three studies the experimental design consisted of nine treatments with three replicate pens of 10 birds. Three treatments were not challenged with E. coli and consisted of unsprayed birds, birds sprayed with a diluent control, and birds sprayed with a combination of two bacteriophages. Six treatments were challenged with E. coli by injecting 10(4) cfu into the thoracic air sac when birds were 7, 8, or 10 d of age after being sprayed at 7 d of age with either a diluent control or a combination of two bacteriophages. In Studies 1 and 2, BW at 2 wk of age of all the birds challenged with E. coli, regardless of spray treatment, were decreased significantly from the unchallenged controls, except in Study 2 for the birds sprayed with bacteriophage and challenged at 10 d of age. There was a significant decrease in mortality in Studies 1 and 2 when the birds were challenged with E. coli immediately after bacteriophage administration and in Study 2 in birds challenged at 10 d of age. In Study 3 a suspected pre-existing E. coli infection resulted in mortality in the unchallenged, unsprayed controls, and in the diluent sprayed controls of 20 and 27%, respectively. The mortality in the unchallenged bacteriophage sprayed birds was 3%, representing a significant decrease. Mortality in Study 3 was significantly decreased in the bacteriophage-sprayed birds challenged with E. coli immediately or 1 d later but not 3 d after bacteriophage administration. The decrease in BW at 2 wk of age in challenged birds indicates that bacteriophage treatment did not provide complete protection; however, in all three studies mortality was significantly decreased, indicating that aerosol spray of bacteriophage may be practical for administration of bacteriophage and may provide an alternative to the use of antibiotics in poultry production.
从城市污水处理设施或家禽加工厂中分离出对家禽致病的大肠杆菌噬菌体。进行了三项研究，以确定通过气溶胶方式施用噬菌体预防肉鸡大肠杆菌呼吸道感染的效果。在所有三项研究中，实验设计包括9种处理，每种处理有3个重复栏，每个栏中有10只鸡。三种处理不接种大肠杆菌，分别为未喷雾处理的鸡、用稀释剂对照喷雾的鸡以及用两种噬菌体组合喷雾的鸡。六种处理在7日龄时用稀释剂对照或两种噬菌体组合喷雾，然后在7、8或10日龄时通过向胸气囊注射10(4) cfu大肠杆菌进行接种。在研究1和2中，所有接种大肠杆菌的鸡，无论喷雾处理如何，2周龄时的体重与未接种对照相比均显著降低，但研究2中10日龄接种且用噬菌体喷雾的鸡除外。在研究1和2中，噬菌体施用后立即接种大肠杆菌的鸡以及研究2中10日龄接种的鸡，死亡率显著降低。在研究3中，疑似预先存在的大肠杆菌感染导致未接种、未喷雾对照以及用稀释剂喷雾对照的死亡率分别为20%和27%。未接种但用噬菌体喷雾的鸡的死亡率为3%，显著降低。在研究3中，噬菌体喷雾的鸡在接种大肠杆菌后立即或1天后死亡率显著降低，但在噬菌体施用后3天接种则不然。接种鸡2周龄时体重下降表明噬菌体处理未提供完全保护；然而，在所有三项研究中死亡率均显著降低，表明通过气溶胶喷雾施用噬菌体在实际应用中可行，并且可能为家禽生产中抗生素的使用提供一种替代方法。
