Leung Sherwin S, MacKinnon Mike D, Smith Ralph E H
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ont, Canada N2L 3G1.
Aquat Toxicol. 2003 Jan 10;62(1):11-26. doi: 10.1016/s0166-445x(02)00057-7.
To better elucidate the ecological effects of naphthenic acids and major ions liberated in oil sands development, the summer-time composition of phytoplankton communities in ten water bodies near Fort McMurray (northeastern Alberta) was studied in 1997. The water bodies varied in degree of process water influence, and in age, size and ancillary chemical characteristics. Community biomass of phytoplankton was not systematically related to naphthenic acid or major ion concentrations, even though the higher naphthenate concentrations exceeded published EC50's for acute effects on several different aquatic species. Chlorophyta were frequently dominant, particularly where naphthenate and major ion concentrations were highest. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed gradients in taxonomic composition at a finer (genus and species) taxonomic level. Despite the simultaneous and uncontrolled variation of other environmental factors, naphthenate and major ion concentrations (as indexed by conductivity) explained a highly-significant 40% of the variation in taxonomic composition. Systems with naphthenates <6.5 mg l(-1) and conductivity <800 PhiS cm(-1) were clustered together near the origin of the CCA plots, suggesting little ecological effect at such concentrations. Taxa associated with elevated naphthenate and/or major ion concentrations were derived from six different algal divisions and included many that were identified as tolerant in previous bioassay experiments. Over the range of concentrations encountered (1.5-45 and 100-3000 mg l(-1) for naphthenates and ions, respectively), CCA indicated that the ecological effect of major ions appeared to be at least as great as that of naphthenates.
为了更好地阐明油砂开发过程中释放的环烷酸和主要离子的生态效应，1997年对麦克默里堡（阿尔伯塔省东北部）附近十个水体中浮游植物群落的夏季组成进行了研究。这些水体在工艺用水影响程度、年龄、大小和辅助化学特征方面存在差异。浮游植物的群落生物量与环烷酸或主要离子浓度没有系统的相关性，尽管较高的环烷酸盐浓度超过了已公布的对几种不同水生物种急性影响的半数有效浓度（EC50）。绿藻门经常占主导地位，特别是在环烷酸盐和主要离子浓度最高的地方。典范对应分析（CCA）揭示了在更精细的（属和种）分类水平上分类组成的梯度。尽管其他环境因素同时且不受控制地变化，但环烷酸盐和主要离子浓度（以电导率表示）解释了分类组成中高达40%的显著变异。环烷酸盐浓度<6.5 mg l(-1)且电导率<800 μS cm(-1)的系统聚集在CCA图的原点附近，表明在这些浓度下几乎没有生态效应。与环烷酸盐和/或主要离子浓度升高相关的分类群来自六个不同的藻类门类，包括许多在先前生物测定实验中被确定为耐受性的分类群。在遇到的浓度范围内（环烷酸盐和离子分别为1.5 - 45和100 - 3000 mg l(-1)），CCA表明主要离子的生态效应似乎至少与环烷酸盐的一样大。
