Ragan Valerie E
USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Services, 4700 River Road, Unit 43, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA.
Vet Microbiol. 2002 Dec 20;90(1-4):11-8. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00240-7.
Efforts to eradicate brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus in the United States began in 1934 as part of an economic recovery program to reduce the cattle population because of the Great Depression and concurrent severe drought conditions. A number of states saw this as an opportunity to reduce the level of brucellosis, which was the most significant livestock disease problem in the US at the time. In 1934 and 1935, the reactor rate in adult cattle tested was 11.5%. In 1954, the magnitude of the brucellosis problem in the United States in terms of economics to the cattle industry and human health prompted Congress to appropriate funds for a comprehensive national effort to eradicate brucellosis. The brucellosis eradication program was designed as a cooperative effort between the federal government, the states, and livestock producers. As the science and technology of brucellosis has developed over the years through research and experience, the eradication program has been modified many times. As of 31 December 2000, there were no affected cattle herds in the United States. This was the first time in the history of the brucellosis program that the United States had no known brucellosis affected herds. However, brucellosis has a variable, sometimes quite lengthy incubation period, so it is expected that additional affected herds will be disclosed. It is likely that additional affected herds will be disclosed before brucellosis is finally eradicated from cattle. Animal health officials remain prepared to aggressively pursue any newly disclosed affected herds to eliminate the disease as quickly as possible. The State-Federal Brucellosis Eradication Program has made tremendous progress since its inception. In an eradication program, it is critically important to recognize that, despite all the tools that are available to eliminate the disease, an effective surveillance system is the critical first step that must be in place in order to be successful. It is imperative, not only to be able to find the disease and eliminate it, but to find it before it spreads to susceptible herds. When brucellosis can be identified, contained, and eliminated before spread occurs, eradication can be achieved.
美国根除由流产布鲁氏菌引起的布鲁氏菌病的工作始于1934年，作为经济复苏计划的一部分，由于大萧条和同时发生的严重干旱状况，该计划旨在减少牛的数量。许多州将此视为降低布鲁氏菌病水平的契机，当时布鲁氏菌病是美国最严重的家畜疾病问题。1934年和1935年，接受检测的成年牛的反应率为11.5%。1954年，布鲁氏菌病给养牛业和人类健康带来的经济问题的严重程度促使国会拨款进行全国性的综合努力以根除布鲁氏菌病。布鲁氏菌病根除计划被设计为联邦政府、各州和家畜生产者之间的合作项目。随着多年来通过研究和经验，布鲁氏菌病的科学技术不断发展，根除计划也多次进行了修改。截至2000年12月31日，美国没有受感染的牛群。这是布鲁氏菌病计划历史上美国首次没有已知的受布鲁氏菌病感染的牛群。然而，布鲁氏菌病的潜伏期长短不一，有时相当长，因此预计还会发现更多受感染的牛群。在布鲁氏菌病最终从牛群中根除之前，很可能会发现更多受感染的牛群。动物卫生官员仍准备积极追查任何新发现的受感染牛群，以便尽快消除这种疾病。自国家-联邦布鲁氏菌病根除计划启动以来已取得了巨大进展。在根除计划中，至关重要的是要认识到，尽管有各种工具可用于消除这种疾病，但有效的监测系统是取得成功必须具备的关键第一步。不仅必须能够发现并消除这种疾病，而且要在其传播到易感牛群之前发现它。当布鲁氏菌病能够在传播发生之前被识别、控制和消除时，就可以实现根除。
