Refai Mohamed
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Vet Microbiol. 2002 Dec 20;90(1-4):81-110. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00248-1.
In countries of the Near East region, brucellosis was reported in almost all domestic animals, particularly cattle, sheep and goats. Brucellosis in camels has been reported in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Iraq, Iran, Sudan, Egypt, Libya and Somalia. It has been reported even in racing camels in the United Arab Emirates. In Egypt, brucellosis has been reported also in buffaloes, equines and swine. Brucella melitensis biovar 3 is the most commonly isolated species from animals in Egypt, Jordan, Israel, Tunisia and Turkey. B. melitensis biovar 2 was reported in Turkey and Saudi Arabia, and B. melitensis biovar 1 in Libya, Oman and Israel. B. abortus biovar 1 was reported in Egypt, biovar 2 in Iran, biovar 3 in Iran and Turkey, and biovar 6 in Sudan. The countries with the highest incidence of human brucellosis are Saudi Arabia, Iran, Palestinian Authority, Syria, Jordan and Oman. Bahrain is reported to have zero incidence. Most human cases are caused by B. melitensis, particularly biovar 3. However, B. abortus has been responsible for an increasing number of cases in recent years, e.g. in Yemen, where B. abortus was identified in 45 cases and B. melitensis in 7 cases out of 330 cultures performed in 1995. Concerning control of brucellosis in animals, there is a controversy on the choice of policy. In some countries, the test and slaughter policy together with the vaccination of young females is adopted, in others, particularly with regard to sheep and goats; mass vaccination has been recently started. The most commonly used vaccines are B. abortus S19 and B. melitensis Rev.1 vaccines. B. abortus RB51 vaccine is used in some countries on small scale. Vaccination is limited to cattle and small ruminants.
在近东地区国家，几乎所有家畜都有布鲁氏菌病的报告，尤其是牛、绵羊和山羊。沙特阿拉伯、科威特、阿曼、伊拉克、伊朗、苏丹、埃及、利比亚和索马里都报告了骆驼感染布鲁氏菌病的情况。甚至在阿拉伯联合酋长国的赛驼中也有相关报告。在埃及，水牛、马和猪也有布鲁氏菌病的报告。马尔他布鲁氏菌生物变种3是埃及、约旦、以色列、突尼斯和土耳其动物中最常分离出的菌种。土耳其和沙特阿拉伯报告有马尔他布鲁氏菌生物变种2，利比亚、阿曼和以色列报告有马尔他布鲁氏菌生物变种1。埃及报告有流产布鲁氏菌生物变种1，伊朗有生物变种2，伊朗和土耳其有生物变种3，苏丹有生物变种6。人间布鲁氏菌病发病率最高的国家是沙特阿拉伯、伊朗、巴勒斯坦权力机构、叙利亚、约旦和阿曼。据报告巴林发病率为零。大多数人间病例由马尔他布鲁氏菌引起，尤其是生物变种3。然而，近年来流产布鲁氏菌导致的病例数不断增加，例如在也门，1995年进行的330次培养中，有45例检出流产布鲁氏菌，7例检出马尔他布鲁氏菌。关于动物布鲁氏菌病的防控，在政策选择上存在争议。一些国家采用检测和屠宰政策以及对年轻母畜进行疫苗接种，另一些国家，特别是在绵羊和山羊方面，最近开始进行大规模疫苗接种。最常用的疫苗是流产布鲁氏菌S19疫苗和马尔他布鲁氏菌Rev.1疫苗。流产布鲁氏菌RB51疫苗在一些国家小规模使用。疫苗接种仅限于牛和小反刍动物。
