Cokl Andrej, Virant-Doberlet Meta
Department of Invertebrate Physiology, National Institute of Biology, Vecna pot 111, P.O.Box 141, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Annu Rev Entomol. 2003;48:29-50. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112605. Epub 2002 Jun 4.
Vibratory signals of plant-dwelling insects, such as land bugs of the families Cydnidae and Pentatomidae, are produced mainly by stridulation and/or vibration of some body part. Signals emitted by the vibratory mechanisms have low-frequency characteristics with a relatively narrow frequency peak dominant around 100 Hz and differently expressed frequency modulation and higher harmonics. Such spectral characteristics are well tuned to the transmission properties of plants, and the low attenuation enables long-range communication on the same plant under standing wave conditions. Frequencies of stridulatory signals extend up to 10 kHz. In some groups, vibratory and stridulatory mechanisms may be used simultaneously to produce broadband signals. The subgenual organ, joint chordotonal organs, campaniform sensilla and mechanoreceptors, such as the Johnston's organ in antennae, are used to detect these vibratory signals. Species-specific songs facilitate mate location and recognition, and less species-specific signals provide information about enemies or rival mates.
栖息在植物上的昆虫，如土蝽科和蝽科的陆生蝽类，其振动信号主要由摩擦发音和/或身体某些部位的振动产生。由振动机制发出的信号具有低频特性，频率峰值相对较窄，在100Hz左右占主导，且频率调制和高次谐波的表达方式不同。这种频谱特性与植物的传播特性高度匹配，低衰减使得在驻波条件下同一植物上能够进行远距离通信。摩擦发音信号的频率高达10kHz。在一些类群中，振动和摩擦发音机制可能同时用于产生宽带信号。亚膝器官、关节弦音器官、钟形感器和机械感受器，如触角中的江氏器，用于检测这些振动信号。物种特异性的鸣声有助于配偶定位和识别，而较少物种特异性的信号则提供有关敌人或竞争配偶的信息。
