Bonanno George A, Wortman Camille B, Lehman Darrin R, Tweed Roger G, Haring Michelle, Sonnega John, Carr Deborah, Nesse Randolph M
Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002 Nov;83(5):1150-64. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.83.5.1150.
The vast majority of bereavement research is conducted after a loss has occurred. Thus, knowledge of the divergent trajectories of grieving or their antecedent predictors is lacking. This study gathered prospective data on 205 individuals several years prior to the death of their spouse and at 6- and 18-months postloss. Five core bereavement patterns were identified: common grief, chronic grief, chronic depression, improvement during bereavement, and resilience. Common grief was relatively infrequent, and the resilient pattern most frequent. The authors tested key hypotheses in the literature pertaining to chronic grief and resilience by identifying the preloss predictors of each pattern. Chronic grief was associated with preloss dependency and resilience with preloss acceptance of death and belief in a just world.
绝大多数丧亲之痛的研究都是在丧亲事件发生后进行的。因此，对于悲伤情绪的不同发展轨迹或其前期预测因素缺乏了解。本研究收集了205名个体在其配偶去世前几年以及丧亲后6个月和18个月的前瞻性数据。确定了五种核心丧亲模式：普通悲伤、慢性悲伤、慢性抑郁、丧亲期间改善和恢复力。普通悲伤相对较少见，而恢复力模式最为常见。作者通过确定每种模式的丧亲前预测因素，对文献中与慢性悲伤和恢复力相关的关键假设进行了检验。慢性悲伤与丧亲前的依赖有关，而恢复力与丧亲前对死亡的接受以及对公正世界的信念有关。
