Liu Xuelu, Ren Jizhou, Zhang Zihe
Department of Resource and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2002 Aug;13(8):975-8.
Oasis landscape ecosystem is composed of 10 landscape elements, i.e., residence land, cultivated land, grassland, forestland, water area, water system, road, rocky desert, sandy desert, and gravel desert. Among the elements, cultivated land formed by human being production covers the most of the area, is most connected, and hence, is the matrix of the oasis landscape ecosystem. Residence land, grassland, forestland, water area, rocky desert, sandy desert, and gravel desert are patches. Residence land and forestland generate from human being production, while rocky desert, gravel desert and sandy desert are the remnant with the human being disturbance. Water region and grassland are the environmental resources remnant after natural disturbance. Water system and road are corridors. Cultivated land dominated in plant production should be utilized with more productive layers through developing animal production other than expanding used-area to maintain the landscape heterogeneity and diversity of the oasis landscape ecosystem. For remnant and environmental resource patches, it should be profitable in preserving and stabilizing landscape heterogeneity and diversity, exploiting the functions of water and soil conservation, tourism, windbreak and sand fixation. For landscape elements remnant only, it should be fruitful in avoiding degeneration of the landscape pattern to explore their preceding plant production with moderate plant production.
绿洲景观生态系统由居住用地、耕地、草地、林地、水域、水系、道路、石漠、沙漠和砾漠10种景观要素组成。其中，人类生产形成的耕地面积占比最大、连通性最强，是绿洲景观生态系统的基质。居住用地、草地、林地、水域、石漠、沙漠和砾漠为斑块。居住用地和林地由人类生产活动产生，而石漠、砾漠和沙漠是受人类干扰后的残留物。水域和草地是自然干扰后剩余的环境资源。水系和道路为廊道。以植物生产为主导的耕地应通过发展动物生产而非扩大使用面积来利用更多生产层次，以维持绿洲景观生态系统的景观异质性和多样性。对于残留斑块和环境资源斑块，应在保护和稳定景观异质性及多样性、发挥水土保持、旅游、防风固沙功能方面取得效益。对于仅残留的景观要素，应在避免景观格局退化方面取得成效，适度开展植物生产以恢复其原有植物生产功能。
