Quinlan G J, Evans T W, Gutteridge J M C
Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, UK.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Nov 15;33(10):1306-13. doi: 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)00903-6.
Iron is an element essential for the survival of most aerobic organisms. However, when its availability is not adequately controlled, iron, can catalyze the formation of a range of aggressive and damaging reactive oxygen species, and act as a microbial growth promoter. Depending on the concentrations formed such species can cause molecular damage or influence redox signaling mechanisms. This review describes recent knowledge concerning iron metabolism in the lung, during both health and disease. In the lower part of the lung a small redox active pool of iron is required for reasons that are at present unclear, but may be related to antimicrobial functions. When the concentration of iron is increased in the lung (usually because of environmental exposure), iron is deleterious and contributes to a range of chronic and acute respiratory diseases. Moreover, aberrant regulation of iron metabolism, and/or deficient antioxidant protection, is also associated with acute lung diseases, such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Iron, with the consequent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), microbial growth promotion, and adverse signaling is strongly implicated as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of numerous disease processes involving the lung. Heme oxgenase, an enzyme that produces reactive iron from heme catabolism, is also briefly discussed in relation to lung disease.
铁是大多数需氧生物生存所必需的元素。然而，当铁的可用性未得到充分控制时，铁会催化一系列具有攻击性和破坏性的活性氧的形成，并充当微生物生长促进剂。根据所形成的此类物质的浓度，它们会导致分子损伤或影响氧化还原信号传导机制。本综述描述了有关健康和疾病状态下肺中铁代谢的最新知识。在肺的下部，出于目前尚不清楚的原因，需要一个小的具有氧化还原活性的铁池，但其可能与抗菌功能有关。当肺中铁的浓度增加时（通常是由于环境暴露），铁是有害的，并会导致一系列慢性和急性呼吸道疾病。此外，铁代谢的异常调节和/或抗氧化保护不足，也与急性肺部疾病有关，如急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）。铁与随之产生的活性氧（ROS）、微生物生长促进以及不良信号传导密切相关，被认为是涉及肺部的众多疾病发病机制的主要促成因素。还简要讨论了血红素加氧酶，一种从血红素分解代谢中产生活性铁的酶，与肺部疾病的关系。
