Edgell Kenneth, Caplan Yale H, Glass Leon R, Cook Janine Denis
US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, USA.
J Anal Toxicol. 2002 Oct;26(7):419-23. doi: 10.1093/jat/26.7.419.
This controlled hydration study was designed to validate the substitution criteria used by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) to classify a workplace urine specimen as inconsistent with normal human urine. Study participants (n = 56) ingested at least 80 oz (2370 mL) of fluid over a 6-h period, 40 oz during the first 3 h (DOT hydration protocol) and 40 oz during the second 3-h period. Urine specimens (n = 498) were collected upon awakening, just prior to hydration, at the end of each hour of the 6-h test period, and upon awakening the next day. No urine specimen satisfied the paired substitution criteria of urine creatinine < or = 5.0 mg/dL and specific gravity < or = 1.001 or > or = 1.020. Seventy-three percent of the participants produced at least one specimen meeting the criteria for dilute urine: urine creatinine < 20.0 mg/dL and specific gravity < 1.003. Fifty-five percent of the participants produced at least one dilute urine specimen during the first 3 h of hydration. In conclusion, this controlled hydration study supports the criteria set by SAMHSA for classifying a specimen as substituted (inconsistent with normal human urine).
这项对照水化研究旨在验证物质滥用和精神健康服务管理局（SAMHSA）用于将工作场所尿液样本分类为与正常人类尿液不一致的替代标准。研究参与者（n = 56）在6小时内摄入至少80盎司（2370毫升）液体，前3小时摄入40盎司（DOT水化方案），后3小时摄入40盎司。在觉醒时、水化前、6小时测试期的每小时结束时以及第二天觉醒时收集尿液样本（n = 498）。没有尿液样本满足尿液肌酐≤5.0毫克/分升且比重≤1.001或≥1.020的配对替代标准。73%的参与者产生了至少一份符合稀释尿液标准的样本：尿液肌酐<20.0毫克/分升且比重<1.003。55%的参与者在水化的前3小时内产生了至少一份稀释尿液样本。总之，这项对照水化研究支持SAMHSA设定的将样本分类为被替代（与正常人类尿液不一致）的标准。
