Kern County Regional Criminalistics Laboratory, Toxicology Unit, Bakersfield, California 93301, USA.
J Anal Toxicol. 2010 Jan-Feb;34(1):39-44. doi: 10.1093/jat/34.1.39.
Creatinine concentration is commonly used to verify the authenticity of urine specimens submitted for illicit drug screening. This study evaluated creatinine screening of donor urine specimens as a tool for detecting substituted and/or tampered specimens. The study carried out creatinine assay of animal urine, fruit juices, and urine from creatine-supplemented subjects by a modified version of the Jaffe reaction. All specimens were analyzed for creatinine concentration in a chemistry-immuno analyzer. Results showed that urine specimens from common domestic pets, including cats, dogs, and horses, have creatinine values similar to normal human values. Most fruit juices tested contained no detectable creatinine, and the few that did showed poor "urine" chemical integrity. Creatine supplementation by donors was found not to provide an effective means of elevating creatinine concentration in urine when attempting to flush out water-soluble drugs in the body. Thus, the assay for creatinine proved useful for the detection of some but not all adulterated urine specimens.
肌酐浓度常用于验证提交的尿液样本是否为非法药物筛查的真实样本。本研究评估了肌酐筛查供体尿液样本作为检测替代和/或篡改样本的工具。该研究通过 Jaffe 反应的改良版本对动物尿液、果汁和补充肌酸的受试者的尿液进行了肌酐测定。所有样本均在化学免疫分析仪上分析肌酐浓度。结果表明，来自常见宠物（包括猫、狗和马）的尿液样本的肌酐值与正常人类值相似。大多数果汁中未检测到肌酐，而少数含有肌酐的样本显示出较差的“尿液”化学完整性。发现供体补充肌酸并不能有效提高尿液中肌酐浓度，以试图清除体内水溶性药物。因此，肌酐测定对于检测某些但不是所有掺假尿液样本是有用的。
