Ferguson Thomas A, Green Douglas R, Griffith Thomas S
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, Box 8096, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Int Rev Immunol. 2002 Mar-Jun;21(2-3):153-72. doi: 10.1080/08830180212058.
The host response to pathogens involves complex inflammatory responses and immune reactions. While these are central to host defense and vital to clearing infections, they are often accompanied by injury to surrounding tissue. Most organ systems can tolerate these responses without permanent consequences. However, there are sites that limit the spread of inflammation because it can threaten organ function. The most prominent examples of these are the eye, brain, and reproductive organs (testis, ovary), where even minor bouts of inflammation can have long-term consequences for the survival of the organism. In these organs immune responses either do not proceed, or proceed in a manner different from other areas; thus, they are called "immunologically privileged." Here a functioning immune response can be the culprit that leads to disease.
宿主对病原体的反应涉及复杂的炎症反应和免疫反应。虽然这些反应对于宿主防御至关重要，对清除感染也必不可少，但它们往往会伴随着周围组织的损伤。大多数器官系统能够耐受这些反应而不产生永久性后果。然而，有些部位会限制炎症的扩散，因为炎症可能威胁器官功能。其中最突出的例子是眼睛、大脑和生殖器官（睾丸、卵巢），在这些器官中，即使是轻微的炎症发作也可能对生物体的生存产生长期影响。在这些器官中，免疫反应要么不发生，要么以与其他部位不同的方式进行；因此，它们被称为“免疫赦免部位”。在这里，正常运作的免疫反应可能成为导致疾病的元凶。
