Hurley Ann C, Volicer Ladislav
Center for Excellence in Nursing Practice, Brigham and Women's Hospital and School of Nursing, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
JAMA. 2002 Nov 13;288(18):2324-31. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.18.2324.
About 4 million people in the United States have Alzheimer disease (AD) and the number of incident cases is expected to more than double from 377,000 in 1995 to 959,000 in 2050. Patients, their families, and health care professionals struggle with a relentless and irreversible neurological syndrome that can last from 2 to 20 years. Alzheimer disease causes both cognitive and functional impairments that predispose the patient to behavioral symptoms, destroy intellectual capacity and personality, erase the ability to communicate one's wishes for care, and lead to life-threatening consequences. At the close of life, family members and clinicians face decisions regarding degrees of intensive medical care to be provided for treatment of the late-stage consequences of AD, including withdrawal of invasive interventions, initiation of hospice, and treatment of a range of progressive medical conditions. Physicians can assist patients with AD and their loved ones through the terminal phases of the illness by preparing them for the relentless progression of the disease and by supporting them through the intellectual and emotional conflicts accompanying the end of life.
在美国,约有400万人患有阿尔茨海默病(AD),预计新发病例数量将增加一倍多,从1995年的37.7万例增至2050年的95.9万例。患者及其家人以及医护人员都要应对这种持续且不可逆的神经综合征,其病程可持续2至20年。阿尔茨海默病会导致认知和功能障碍,使患者易出现行为症状,破坏智力和个性,消除表达护理意愿的能力,并导致危及生命的后果。在生命末期,家庭成员和临床医生面临着关于为AD晚期后果提供何种程度强化医疗护理的决策,包括停止侵入性干预、启动临终关怀以及治疗一系列进行性疾病。医生可以通过让患者及其亲人了解疾病的无情进展,并在生命末期伴随的智力和情感冲突中给予支持,来协助患有AD的患者及其亲人度过疾病的终末期。