Cavanagh D, Mawditt K, Welchman D De B, Britton P, Gough R E
Institute for Animal Health, Compton Laboratory, Newbury, RG20 7NN, UK.
Avian Pathol. 2002 Feb;31(1):81-93. doi: 10.1080/03079450120106651.
Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) were used to examine RNA extracted from mouth/nasal swabs from pheasants exhibiting signs of respiratory disease. The oligonucleotides used were based on sequences of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), the coronavirus of domestic fowl. A RT-PCR for the highly conserved region II of the 3' untranslated region of the IBV genome detected a coronavirus in swabs from 18/21 estates. Sequence identity with the corresponding region of IBVs and coronaviruses from turkeys was > 95%. A RT-PCR for part of the S1 region of the spike protein gene was positive with 13/21 of the samples. Sequence analysis of the RT-PCR products derived from nine of the pheasant viruses revealed that some of the viruses differed from each other by approximately 24%, similar to the degree of difference exhibited by different serotypes of IBV. Further analysis of the genome of one of the viruses revealed that it contained genes 3 and 5 that are typical of IBV but absent in both the transmissible gastroenteritis virus and murine hepatitis virus groups of mammalian coronaviruses. The nucleotide sequences of genes 3 and 5 of the pheasant virus had a similar degree of identity (approximately 90%) with those of coronaviruses from turkeys and chickens, as is observed when different serotypes of IBV are compared. This work: (a) confirms that coronaviruses are present in pheasants (indeed, commonly present in pheasants with respiratory disease); (b) demonstrates that their genomes are IBV-like in their organization; and (c) shows that there is sequence heterogeneity within the group of pheasant coronaviruses, especially within the spike protein gene. Furthermore, the gene sequences of the pheasant viruses differed from those of IBV to similar extents as the sequence of one serotype of IBV differs from another. On the genetic evidence to date, there is a remarkably high degree of genetic similarity between the coronaviruses of chickens, turkeys and pheasants.
采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测从表现出呼吸道疾病症状的雉鸡口腔/鼻拭子中提取的RNA。所用寡核苷酸基于家鸡冠状病毒传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）的序列。针对IBV基因组3'非翻译区高度保守的区域II进行的RT-PCR在来自21个养殖场中18个养殖场的拭子中检测到一种冠状病毒。与火鸡的IBV和冠状病毒相应区域的序列同一性>95%。针对刺突蛋白基因S1区域部分进行的RT-PCR在21个样本中的13个呈阳性。对来自9种雉鸡病毒的RT-PCR产物进行序列分析发现，其中一些病毒彼此之间的差异约为24%，类似于不同血清型IBV所表现出的差异程度。对其中一种病毒的基因组进行进一步分析发现，它含有IBV典型的基因3和基因5，但在哺乳动物冠状病毒的传染性胃肠炎病毒和鼠肝炎病毒组中均不存在。雉鸡病毒基因3和基因5的核苷酸序列与火鸡和鸡的冠状病毒的核苷酸序列具有相似程度的同一性（约90%），这与比较不同血清型IBV时观察到的情况相同。这项工作：（a）证实冠状病毒存在于雉鸡中（实际上，在患有呼吸道疾病的雉鸡中普遍存在）；（b）表明它们的基因组在组织上与IBV相似；（c）表明雉鸡冠状病毒组内存在序列异质性，尤其是在刺突蛋白基因内。此外，雉鸡病毒的基因序列与IBV的基因序列的差异程度，与一种血清型IBV与另一种血清型IBV的序列差异程度相似。根据目前的遗传证据，鸡、火鸡和雉鸡的冠状病毒之间存在非常高的遗传相似性。
