Höpflinger F
Soziologisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Rämistr. 69 8001 Zürich, Switzerland.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2002 Aug;35(4):328-34. doi: 10.1007/s00391-002-0100-y.
The concept of generativity--at first related to middle age--is increasingly used to describe developmental processes at higher ages. In previous discussions, however, the concept of generativity has been used without clear references either to stages in later life (independent retirement versus dependent old age) or to different concepts of generations. A stage-oriented approach--based on ideas developed by Margret Baltes--indicates that the dimensions of generativity change with aging (more active generativity for younger retired people, more passive and compensating generativity among fragile and dependent persons). A generational approach--looking at different concepts of generations (family generations, societal generations, welfare generations)--shows that generativity within family generations is underlined by social norms, whereas generativity concerning welfare generations or societal generations remains an unstructured or even anomic developmental task.
繁衍力的概念——最初与中年相关——越来越多地被用于描述更高年龄段的发展过程。然而，在以往的讨论中，繁衍力的概念在使用时，既没有明确提及晚年的阶段（独立退休与依赖老年），也没有涉及不同的代际概念。一种基于玛格丽特·巴尔特斯提出的观点的阶段导向方法表明，繁衍力的维度会随着年龄增长而变化（年轻退休者的繁衍力更积极，脆弱和依赖者的繁衍力更消极且具有补偿性）。一种代际方法——审视不同的代际概念（家庭代际、社会代际、福利代际）——表明家庭代际中的繁衍力受到社会规范的强调，而关于福利代际或社会代际的繁衍力仍然是一项无结构甚至失范的发展任务。
