Patel Nick C, Sanchez Robert J, Johnsrud Michael T, Crismon M Lynn
College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2002 Fall;12(3):221-9. doi: 10.1089/104454602760386905.
The purpose of this study was to examine the current trends in prescribing antipsychotics to children and adolescents within the Texas Medicaid Program. Total enrollments of children and adolescents, ranging from infants to 19-year-olds, in the Texas Medicaid Program were determined for each calendar year from 1996 to 2000. Prevalence was defined as the number of children and/or adolescents with at least one Medicaid prescription claim for an antipsychotic per 1,000 enrollees. Trends in prevalence were assessed over a 5-year period using annual descriptive analyses. In addition, total expenditures for antipsychotics were evaluated within this population. Over the 5-year period, an additional 12.25 children and adolescents per 1,000 enrollees (+160%) were prescribed antipsychotics. The prevalence of atypical antipsychotics increased by 13.29 per 1,000 enrollees (+494%) over the same period. In children and adolescents above 2 years of age, the prevalence of antipsychotic use increased in all groups. Antipsychotic usage was more common in children and adolescents between the ages of 10 and 14 years compared to other age groups. Male and female antipsychotic prevalence rates increased during the 5-year period. The increase in total expenditures was related to the increased utilization of atypical antipsychotics.
本研究的目的是调查得克萨斯州医疗补助计划中儿童及青少年抗精神病药物的处方现状。确定了1996年至2000年每个日历年得克萨斯州医疗补助计划中从婴儿到19岁儿童及青少年的总参保人数。患病率定义为每1000名参保者中至少有一张抗精神病药物医疗补助处方的儿童和/或青少年人数。使用年度描述性分析评估了5年期间的患病率趋势。此外，还评估了该人群中抗精神病药物的总支出。在这5年期间，每1000名参保者中多了12.25名儿童和青少年（增长了160%）开具了抗精神病药物。同期，每1000名参保者中使用非典型抗精神病药物的患病率增加了13.29（增长了494%）。在2岁以上的儿童和青少年中，所有组的抗精神病药物使用率均有所增加。与其他年龄组相比，10至14岁的儿童和青少年中抗精神病药物的使用更为普遍。在这5年期间，男性和女性的抗精神病药物患病率均有所上升。总支出的增加与非典型抗精神病药物使用的增加有关。
