Dartt Darlene A
The Department of Ophthalmology, The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Prog Retin Eye Res. 2002 Nov;21(6):555-76. doi: 10.1016/s1350-9462(02)00038-1.
Tears play a vital role in the health and protection of the cornea and conjunctiva. The tear film consists of multiple layers and different glands secrete each layer. Because of many and varied requirements of the ocular surface cells, the volume, composition and structure of the tear film must be exquisitely controlled. If any layer of the tear film is disrupted or altered, the entire tear film is affected, often with deleterious effects. This chapter reviews the current knowledge of the neural and growth factor regulation of electrolyte, water and protein secretion from the goblet and stratified squamous cells of the conjunctiva as well as the mechanisms used for fluid secretion. The evidence presented in this review suggests that parasympathetic nerves stimulate goblet, but not stratified squamous, cell secretion. Sympathetic nerves stimulate stratified squamous, but not goblet, cell secretion, while P2Y(2) agonists stimulate secretion from both cell types. Growth factors regulate goblet cell secretion, but their effects on stratified squamous cell secretion are unknown.
眼泪在角膜和结膜的健康与保护中起着至关重要的作用。泪膜由多层组成，不同的腺体分泌各层。由于眼表细胞有诸多不同的需求，泪膜的体积、成分和结构必须得到精确控制。如果泪膜的任何一层受到破坏或改变，整个泪膜都会受到影响，常常会产生有害后果。本章综述了目前关于神经和生长因子对结膜杯状细胞和复层鳞状细胞电解质、水和蛋白质分泌的调节以及液体分泌机制的知识。本综述中呈现的证据表明，副交感神经刺激杯状细胞而非复层鳞状细胞的分泌。交感神经刺激复层鳞状细胞而非杯状细胞的分泌，而P2Y(2)激动剂刺激两种细胞类型的分泌。生长因子调节杯状细胞的分泌，但其对复层鳞状细胞分泌的影响尚不清楚。
