Kagley A N, Snider R G, Krishnakumar P K, Casillas E
Environmental Conservation Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon 97391, USA.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2003 Jan;44(1):43-52. doi: 10.1007/s00244-002-1303-3.
A selected suite of cytochemical parameters in Mytilus edulis are altered in response to field and laboratory exposure to chemical contaminants. These biomarkers include lysosomal stability, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-ferrihemoprotein reductase activity, liposfuscin deposition, and accumulation of lysosomal and cytoplasmic unsaturated neutral lipid. Normal variations in physiological processes (influenced by exogenous seasonal changes in temperature, salinity, food availability, etc.) may alter the sensitivity of these biomarkers to contaminant exposure. To address this issue, M. edulis (complex) were sampled monthly from a reference nonurban site (Coupeville, Penn Cove) and a polluted urban site (Seacrest, Elliott Bay) in Puget Sound, WA, for a period of 15 months. Physiological measurements including total length, total weight, somatic and mantle weights (an indication of gonadal development and reproductive status), condition index, and the presence or absence of hemic neoplasia (HN, or leukemia) were recorded. Significant differences in lysosomal stability, lysosomal and cytoplasmic unsaturated neutral lipids, lipofuscin deposition, and NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase activity in cells of the digestive gland or digestive tubules were generally found in mussels taken throughout the year from Seacrest compared to mussels sampled from Coupeville, consistent with exposure to chemical contaminants. No seasonally influenced suppression of the entire suite of parameters as measures of contaminant exposure was evident. Therefore these biomarkers can be used to evaluate contaminant exposure in mussels throughout the entire year.
紫贻贝中一组选定的细胞化学参数会因在野外和实验室接触化学污染物而发生改变。这些生物标志物包括溶酶体稳定性、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH）-高铁血红蛋白还原酶活性、脂褐素沉积以及溶酶体和细胞质不饱和中性脂质的积累。生理过程中的正常变化（受温度、盐度、食物可利用性等外源季节性变化影响）可能会改变这些生物标志物对污染物暴露的敏感性。为解决这一问题，在华盛顿州普吉特海湾，每月从一个参考非城市地点（库佩维尔，佩恩湾）和一个受污染的城市地点（西克里斯特，埃利奥特湾）采集紫贻贝（复合体）样本，为期15个月。记录了包括全长、总重、体质量和外套膜重量（性腺发育和生殖状态的指标）、状况指数以及是否存在血细胞瘤（HN，或白血病）等生理测量数据。与从库佩维尔采集的贻贝相比，全年从西克里斯特采集的贻贝在消化腺或消化管细胞中的溶酶体稳定性、溶酶体和细胞质不饱和中性脂质、脂褐素沉积以及NADPH-高铁血红蛋白还原酶活性通常存在显著差异，这与接触化学污染物一致。作为污染物暴露指标的整套参数未出现明显的季节性影响抑制。因此，这些生物标志物可用于评估贻贝全年的污染物暴露情况。
