Walton Joni
Helena and Hospice Chaplain, St. Peter's Hospital, Helena, MT, USA.
Nephrol Nurs J. 2002 Oct;29(5):447-56; discussion 457.
The purpose of this study was to discover what spirituality means to hemodialysis patients and how it influences their lives. Grounded theory qualitative research method was used to discover meaning, provide understanding, and create a beginning substantive theory of spirituality. Four men and 7 women, 36 to 78 years of age, receiving outpatient hemodialysis in the northwestern United States, volunteered to participate in this study. Demographic data were collected and indepth interviews were completed. The Glaserian method of grounded theory was used for data collection and analysis. The central core category of this study was finding a balance, which occurred in the following four phases: (a) confronting mortality, (b) reframing, (c) adjusting to dialysis, and (d) facing the challenge. Categories of spirituality were faith, presence, and receiving and giving back. Participants described spirituality as a life-giving force from within, full of awe, wonder, and solitude, that inspires one to strive for balance in life. Participants validated the description of spirituality, categories, and phases to assure that it captured their person experiences. A focus group of hemodialysis staff validated the results for clarity, understanding, and application to clinical practice. The results of this study provide a theoretical framework to guide nursing practice as well as an understanding of what spirituality means to hemodialysis patients and how it influences their lives.
本研究的目的是探究灵性对血液透析患者意味着什么，以及它如何影响他们的生活。采用扎根理论定性研究方法来探寻意义、增进理解，并构建关于灵性的初步实质性理论。4名男性和7名女性，年龄在36至78岁之间，在美国西北部接受门诊血液透析，自愿参与本研究。收集了人口统计学数据并完成了深度访谈。采用格拉泽式扎根理论方法进行数据收集和分析。本研究的核心类别是找到平衡，这一过程发生在以下四个阶段：（a）直面死亡，（b）重新构建认知，（c）适应透析，以及（d）面对挑战。灵性的类别包括信仰、存在以及给予与回馈。参与者将灵性描述为一种源自内心的赋予生命的力量，充满敬畏、惊奇与孤独，激励人们在生活中努力追求平衡。参与者对灵性、类别和阶段的描述进行了验证，以确保其反映了他们的个人经历。一组血液透析工作人员组成的焦点小组对研究结果的清晰度、可理解性以及在临床实践中的应用进行了验证。本研究结果提供了一个理论框架，以指导护理实践，同时增进对灵性对血液透析患者意味着什么以及它如何影响他们生活的理解。
