Perrocheau Anne, De Benoist Anne-Claire, Six Caroline, Goulet Véronique, Decludt Bénédicte, Levy-Bruhl Daniel
Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS), 12, rue du Val-d'Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice Cedex, France.
Ann Med Interne (Paris). 2002 Sep;153(5):311-7.
In France, two sources of data, the mandatory notification and the laboratory network EPIBAC, allow the health authorities to follow the incidence of bacterial meningitis (BM) and to assess the relative frequency of the micro-organisms responsible for such infection. In 1999, more than 1,000 cases of BM were notified in France. The more common micro-organisms were: Streptococcus pneumoniae 46%, Neisseria meningitidis 32% and Streptococcus agalactiae(or Streptococcus B) 11%. Listeria monocytogenes and Haemophilus influenzae accounted for 6% and 5% of the cases respectively. In 1999, the incidence per 100,000 inhabitants of meningitis due to pneumococci (0.81), to streptococci B (0.19) and tuberculosis meningitis (0.17) were stable since 1995. The incidence rate of meningitis due to Listeria (0.10) and to H. influenzae (0.08) shows a regular decrease since 1992. The impact of preventive measures of meningitis due to Listeria and H. influenzae B has been clearly demonstrated through the dramatic decrease of meningitis due to these micro-organisms.
在法国，有两个数据来源，即法定通报和实验室网络EPIBAC，这使得卫生当局能够跟踪细菌性脑膜炎（BM）的发病率，并评估导致此类感染的微生物的相对频率。1999年，法国通报了1000多例BM病例。较常见的微生物为：肺炎链球菌46%，脑膜炎奈瑟菌32%，无乳链球菌（或B组链球菌）11%。单核细胞增生李斯特菌和流感嗜血杆菌分别占病例的6%和5%。1999年，每10万居民中肺炎球菌性脑膜炎（0.81）、B组链球菌性脑膜炎（0.19）和结核性脑膜炎（0.17）的发病率自1995年以来保持稳定。自1992年以来，李斯特菌性脑膜炎（0.10）和流感嗜血杆菌性脑膜炎（0.08）的发病率呈定期下降趋势。通过这些微生物所致脑膜炎的显著减少，已清楚地证明了针对李斯特菌和B型流感嗜血杆菌脑膜炎的预防措施的效果。
