Shafer Kimberly Page, Hahn Judith A, Lum Paula J, Ochoa Kristen, Graves Alison, Moss Andrew
Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, 94105, USA.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002 Dec 1;31(4):422-31. doi: 10.1097/00126334-200212010-00009.
We assessed the prevalence of HIV infection and associated risk behaviors among street-recruited young injection drug users (IDUs) in San Francisco.
In a cross-sectional study, 304 young (age <30 years) IDUs with a history of injecting in the previous 30 days were interviewed and tested for antibodies to HIV. Analyses assessing independent associations with HIV infection were limited to males only, due to the low number of infections in women.
The prevalence of HIV infection was 5.3% overall but was highly stratified by gender and sexual preference (15.6% among homosexual/bisexual men vs. heterosexual men) and recruitment neighborhood (18% in the Polk Street area). Of 16 HIV infections, 14 (88%) were in males. Factors independently associated with HIV infection in males included sexual preference (homosexual/bisexual vs. heterosexual: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 7.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-36.6), recruitment neighborhood (Polk Street neighborhood vs. other neighborhoods: AOR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.4-16.7), and duration of residence in San Francisco (>or=1 year vs. <1 year: AOR, 11.8; 95% CI, 1.4-95.8).
The prevalence of HIV infection was highest among male IDUs who have sex with men. The strong associations between HIV infection and sexual orientation and HIV infection and recruitment locale suggest that risk may be attributable largely to sexual risk. In addition to successful prevention efforts aimed at reducing needle-associated risk, current intervention models aimed at young IDUs should target high-risk neighborhoods and emphasize sexual risk reduction measures, in particular among men who have sex with men.
我们评估了在旧金山街头招募的年轻注射吸毒者（IDU）中艾滋病毒感染率及相关风险行为。
在一项横断面研究中，对304名年龄小于30岁、过去30天内有注射史的IDU进行了访谈并检测了艾滋病毒抗体。由于女性感染人数较少，评估与艾滋病毒感染独立关联的分析仅限于男性。
艾滋病毒总体感染率为5.3%，但按性别、性取向（男同性恋/双性恋男性中为15.6%，异性恋男性中为）和招募社区高度分层（波尔克街地区为18%）。在16例艾滋病毒感染中，14例（88%）为男性。与男性艾滋病毒感染独立相关的因素包括性取向（男同性恋/双性恋与异性恋：调整优势比[AOR]，7.5；95%置信区间[CI]，1.5 - 36.6）、招募社区（波尔克街社区与其他社区：AOR，4.8；95%CI，1.4 - 16.7）以及在旧金山的居住时间（≥1年与<1年：AOR，11.8；95%CI，1.4 - 95.8）。
与男性发生性行为的男性注射吸毒者中艾滋病毒感染率最高。艾滋病毒感染与性取向以及艾滋病毒感染与招募地点之间的强烈关联表明，风险可能主要归因于性风险。除了成功开展旨在降低与针头相关风险的预防工作外，当前针对年轻注射吸毒者的干预模式应针对高危社区，并强调降低性风险的措施，尤其是在与男性发生性行为的男性中。
