Watters J K, Estilo M J, Kral A H, Lorvick J J
Department of Family and Community medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
Sex Transm Dis. 1994 Nov-Dec;21(6):321-8. doi: 10.1097/00007435-199411000-00005.
To identify relationships between sexual behavior, drug use, and HIV infection among female injection-drug users (IDUs) recruited in community settings.
Risk analysis of 407 survey questionnaires and matched HIV serologies (n = 403) from female IDUs recruited from community settings in 3 inner-city neighborhoods in San Francisco during 1991 and 1992.
The HIV seroprevalence of our sample was 11.4%. Fifty-four percent reported using crack cocaine in the past 30 days. HIV seroprevalence was 10.5% among crack cocaine smokers and 12.5% among nonsmokers. In multivariate analysis, HIV infection was associated with a history of sex for money exchanges (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.11; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.37, 7.02); history of syphilis (AOR = 3.30; 95% CI = 1.36, 7.99); and African American ethnicity (AOR = 5.31; 95% CI = 2.05, 13.73). Crack smoking in the past 30 days (AOR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.15, 0.71) and having a current steady sexual partner (AOR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.24, 0.94) were both inversely associated with HIV infection in the multivariate model. None of our injection-related variables were predictive or protective of HIV infection, when controlled for the above factors.
Unprotected heterosexual activity is a principal risk factor for HIV infection among female IDUs in San Francisco. Greater reported sexual risk behavior of crack smokers was not reflected by a higher HIV rate at present, perhaps because of lower prevalence of HIV among their sexual partners.
确定在社区环境中招募的女性注射吸毒者（IDU）的性行为、吸毒情况与HIV感染之间的关系。
对1991年和1992年在旧金山3个市中心城区社区环境中招募的407名女性IDU的调查问卷及匹配的HIV血清学检测结果（n = 403）进行风险分析。
我们样本中的HIV血清阳性率为11.4%。54%的人报告在过去30天内使用过快克可卡因。吸食快克可卡因者的HIV血清阳性率为10.5%，不吸食者为12.5%。在多变量分析中，HIV感染与以性换钱史（调整优势比[AOR]=3.11；95%置信区间[95%CI]=1.37, 7.02）、梅毒史（AOR = 3.30；95%CI = 1.36, 7.99）以及非裔美国人种族（AOR = 5.31；95%CI = 2.05, 13.73）相关。在多变量模型中，过去30天内吸食快克可卡因（AOR = 0.33；95%CI = 0.15, 0.71）和有当前固定性伴侣（AOR = 0.48；95%CI = 0.24, 0.94）均与HIV感染呈负相关。在控制上述因素后，我们的任何注射相关变量均不能预测或预防HIV感染。
无保护的异性性行为是旧金山女性IDU中HIV感染的主要危险因素。目前，吸食快克可卡因者报告的更高的性风险行为并未反映在更高的HIV感染率上，这可能是因为其性伴侣中HIV感染率较低。
