Andersen Bjørg Marit, Rasch Mette
Avdeling for sykdomsforebygging hos risikogrupper, Klinikk for forebyggende medisin, Medisinsk divisjon, Ullevål universitetssykehus, 0407 Oslo. bjorgmarit.andersen ulleval.no
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002 Oct 10;122(24):2371-3.
Residents of long-term care facilities are at risk of infection and may deliver resistant microbes to hospitals.
A point prevalence study was performed, including 3,474 residents in 2000 and 4,650 in 2001.
The infection rate increased from 5.6% in 2000 to 7.5% in 2001 (p < 0.001). Urinary tract infections predominated. Pneumonia increased from 2000 to 2001 (0.7%-1.4%; p < 0.01), as did the rate of operated patients (2.9%-6.5%, p < 0.001), while postoperative wound infections was reduced (p = 0.02). Antibiotics were given to 5.8% in 2000 and 6.1% in 2001. Microbiological assessments were available from 29.6% infections in 2000 and 21.4% in 2001. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli predominated. Methicillin-resistant S aureus was found in only two patients.
The increased burden of operated patients in understaffed long-term care facilities may have caused an increasing rate of infections. Staffing with sufficient and competent personnel and intensified infection control work is needed.
长期护理机构的居民有感染风险，且可能将耐药微生物传播至医院。
进行了一项现患率研究，2000年纳入3474名居民，2001年纳入4650名。
感染率从2000年的5.6%升至2001年的7.5%（p<0.001）。尿路感染最为常见。肺炎从2000年到2001年有所增加（从0.7%增至1.4%；p<0.01），接受手术患者的比例也增加了（从2.9%增至6.5%，p<0.001），而术后伤口感染有所减少（p=0.02）。2000年5.8%的患者使用了抗生素，2001年为6.1%。2000年29.6%的感染病例和2001年21.4%的感染病例有微生物学评估结果。金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌最为常见。仅在两名患者中发现耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌。
人员配备不足的长期护理机构中接受手术患者的负担增加可能导致感染率上升。需要配备足够且称职的人员并加强感染控制工作。
