Raisinghani Ajit, DeMaria Anthony N
Division of Cardiology, University of California at San Diego, 92103, USA.
Am J Cardiol. 2002 Nov 18;90(10A):3J-7J. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02858-8.
Early contrast agents could not achieve left-sided cardiac opacification because these microbubbles could not traverse the pulmonary circulation and remain intact. The specific shell material and gas used determine the properties of individual microbubbles, including fragility, persistence, and resonance. Persistence, perhaps the most important property of a microbubble, has been achieved by second-generation agents through the use of shells or surfactants and by substituting high-density, high molecular weight gas for air. Today's agents readily achieve opacification, not only of the cardiac chambers but also of the myocardium. Refinements in contrast agents and in the instrumentation for their detection are primarily responsible for these improvements.
早期的造影剂无法实现左心腔显影，因为这些微泡无法穿过肺循环并保持完整。所使用的特定外壳材料和气体决定了单个微泡的特性，包括脆弱性、持久性和共振特性。持久性或许是微泡最重要的特性，第二代造影剂通过使用外壳或表面活性剂，并以高密度、高分子量气体替代空气，实现了这一特性。如今的造影剂不仅能轻易实现心腔显影，还能实现心肌显影。造影剂及其检测仪器的改进是这些进展的主要原因。
