Meier Rudolf, Wiegmann Brian M
Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Denmark.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2002 Dec;25(3):393-407. doi: 10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00276-2.
The phylogenetic relationships of 22 species of Coelopidae are reconstructed based on a data matrix consisting of morphological and DNA sequence characters (16S rDNA, EF-1alpha). Optimal gap and transversion costs are determined via a sensitivity analysis and both equal weighting and a transversion cost of 2 are found to perform best based on taxonomic congruence, character incongruence, and tree support. The preferred phylogenetic hypothesis is fully resolved and well-supported by jackknife, bootstrap, and Bremer support values, but it is in conflict with the cladogram based on morphological characters alone. Most notably, the Coelopidae and the genus Coelopa are not monophyletic. However, partitioned Bremer Support and an analysis of node stability under different gap and transversion costs reveal that the critical clades rendering these taxa non-monophyletic are poorly supported. Furthermore, the monophyly of Coelopidae and Coelopa is not rejected in analyses using 16S rDNA that was manually aligned. The resolution of the tree based on this reduced data sets is, however, lower than for the tree based on the full data sets. Partitioned Bremer support values reveal that 16S rDNA characters provide the largest amount of tree support, but the support values are heavily dependent on analysis conditions. Problems with direct comparison of branch support values for trees derived using fixed alignments with those obtained under optimization alignment are discussed. Biogeographic history and available behavioral and genetic data are also discussed in light of this first cladogram for Coelopidae based on a quantitative phylogenetic analysis.
基于由形态学和DNA序列特征（16S rDNA、EF-1α）组成的数据矩阵，重建了22种海黾科昆虫的系统发育关系。通过敏感性分析确定了最佳的空位和颠换成本，基于分类一致性、特征不一致性和树形支持，发现等权重和颠换成本为2时表现最佳。优选的系统发育假说得到了全面解析，并且通过自展检验、引导检验和布雷默支持值得到了很好的支持，但它与仅基于形态特征的分支图存在冲突。最值得注意的是，海黾科和海黾属不是单系的。然而，分区布雷默支持值以及在不同空位和颠换成本下对节点稳定性的分析表明，使这些分类单元非单系的关键分支支持不足。此外，在使用手动比对的16S rDNA进行的分析中，海黾科和海黾属的单系性并未被否定。然而，基于这个简化数据集构建的树形分辨率低于基于完整数据集构建的树形。分区布雷默支持值表明，16S rDNA特征提供了最大量的树形支持，但支持值严重依赖于分析条件。讨论了直接比较使用固定比对得到的树形分支支持值与在优化比对下得到的树形分支支持值时存在的问题。还根据基于定量系统发育分析的海黾科首个分支图，讨论了生物地理历史以及现有的行为和遗传数据。
