MacDonald Justin A, Balakrishnan J D, Orosz Michael D, Karplus Walter J
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
Hum Factors. 2002 Summer;44(2):272-86. doi: 10.1518/0018720024497934.
In a simulated air traffic control task, improvement in the detection of auditory warnings when using virtual 3-D audio depended on the spatial configuration of the sounds. Performance improved substantially when two of four sources were placed to the left and the remaining two were placed to the right of the participant. Surprisingly, little or no benefits were observed for configurations involving the elevation or transverse (front/back) dimensions of virtual space, suggesting that position on the interaural (left/right) axis is the crucial factor to consider in auditory display design. The relative importance of interaural spacing effects was corroborated in a second, free-field (real space) experiment. Two additional experiments showed that (a) positioning signals to the side of the listener is superior to placing them in front even when two sounds are presented in the same location, and (b) the optimal distance on the interaural axis varies with the amplitude of the sounds. These results are well predicted by the behavior of an ideal observer under the different display conditions. This suggests that guidelines for auditory display design that allow for effective perception of speech information can be developed from an analysis of the physical sound patterns.
在一项模拟空中交通管制任务中，使用虚拟三维音频时听觉警告检测的改善取决于声音的空间配置。当四个声源中的两个放置在参与者左侧，其余两个放置在右侧时，性能有显著提高。令人惊讶的是，对于涉及虚拟空间仰角或横向（前后）维度的配置，几乎没有观察到益处，这表明双耳（左右）轴上的位置是听觉显示设计中需要考虑的关键因素。双耳间距效应的相对重要性在第二个自由场（真实空间）实验中得到了证实。另外两个实验表明：（a）即使两个声音出现在同一位置，将信号放置在听众一侧也优于放置在前方；（b）双耳轴上的最佳距离随声音幅度而变化。这些结果可以通过理想观察者在不同显示条件下的行为得到很好的预测。这表明，可以通过对物理声音模式的分析来制定有助于有效感知语音信息的听觉显示设计指南。
