Mutti Donald O, Mitchell G Lynn, Moeschberger Melvin L, Jones Lisa A, Zadnik Karla
Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus 43210, USA.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002 Dec;43(12):3633-40.
To quantify the degree of association between juvenile myopia and parental myopia, near work, and school achievement.
Refractive error, parental refractive status, current level of near activities (assumed working distance-weighted hours per week spent studying, reading for pleasure, watching television, playing video games or working on the computer), hours per week spent playing sports, and level of school achievement (scores on the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills [ITBS]) were assessed in 366 eighth grade children who participated in the Orinda Longitudinal Study of Myopia in 1991 to 1996.
Children with myopia were more likely to have parents with myopia; to spend significantly more time studying, more time reading, and less time playing sports; and to score higher on the ITBS Reading and Total Language subtests than emmetropic children (chi(2) and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests; P < 0.024). Multivariate logistic regression models showed no substantial confounding effects between parental myopia, near work, sports activity, and school achievement, suggesting that each factor has an independent association with myopia. The multivariate odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for two compared with no parents with myopia was 6.40 (2.17-18.87) and was 1.020 (1.008-1.032) for each diopter-hour per week of near work. Interactions between parental myopia and near work were not significant (P = 0.67), indicating no increase in the risk associated with near work with an increasing number of parents with myopia.
Heredity was the most important factor associated with juvenile myopia, with smaller independent contributions from more near work, higher school achievement, and less time in sports activity. There was no evidence that children inherit a myopigenic environment or a susceptibility to the effects of near work from their parents.
量化青少年近视与父母近视、近距离工作及学业成绩之间的关联程度。
对1991年至1996年参与奥林达近视纵向研究的366名八年级儿童进行了屈光不正、父母屈光状态、当前近距离活动水平（假设每周按工作距离加权的学习、阅读消遣、看电视、玩电子游戏或使用电脑的时长）、每周运动时长以及学业成绩水平（爱荷华基本技能测试[ITBS]的分数）的评估。
与正视儿童相比，近视儿童的父母更可能近视；花费显著更多时间学习、阅读，且运动时间更少；在ITBS阅读和总语言子测试中的得分更高（卡方检验和威尔科克森秩和检验；P<0.024）。多变量逻辑回归模型显示，父母近视、近距离工作、体育活动和学业成绩之间不存在实质性的混杂效应，表明每个因素与近视都有独立关联。与无近视父母相比，有两名近视父母的多变量优势比（95%置信区间）为6.40（2.17 - 18.87），每周每屈光度 - 小时的近距离工作的优势比为1.020（1.008 - 1.032）。父母近视与近距离工作之间的交互作用不显著（P = 0.67），表明随着近视父母数量增加，近距离工作相关风险并未增加。
遗传是与青少年近视相关的最重要因素，近距离工作增加、学业成绩较高以及体育活动时间较少的独立影响较小。没有证据表明儿童从父母那里继承了致近视环境或对近距离工作影响的易感性。
