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Elucidating TOR signaling and rapamycin action: lessons from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.阐明TOR信号传导与雷帕霉素作用：来自酿酒酵母的经验教训。
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2002 Dec;66(4):579-91, table of contents. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.66.4.579-591.2002.
2
Two TOR complexes, only one of which is rapamycin sensitive, have distinct roles in cell growth control.两种TOR复合物在细胞生长控制中具有不同作用，其中只有一种对雷帕霉素敏感。
Mol Cell. 2002 Sep;10(3):457-68. doi: 10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00636-6.
3
The fission yeast TOR proteins and the rapamycin response: an unexpected tale.裂殖酵母TOR蛋白与雷帕霉素反应：一个意想不到的故事。
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2004;279:85-95. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-18930-2_6.
4
Nutrient signaling through TOR kinases controls gene expression and cellular differentiation in fungi.通过TOR激酶的营养信号传导控制真菌中的基因表达和细胞分化。
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2004;279:53-72. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-18930-2_4.
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Rapamycin and less immunosuppressive analogs are toxic to Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans via FKBP12-dependent inhibition of TOR.雷帕霉素及免疫抑制性较低的类似物通过FKBP12依赖的TOR抑制作用，对白色念珠菌和新型隐球菌具有毒性。
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Nov;45(11):3162-70. doi: 10.1128/AAC.45.11.3162-3170.2001.
6
The fission yeast TOR homolog, tor1+, is required for the response to starvation and other stresses via a conserved serine.裂殖酵母TOR同源物tor1+通过一个保守的丝氨酸参与对饥饿和其他应激的反应。
J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 9;276(10):7027-32. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M010446200. Epub 2000 Nov 28.
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Interaction between FKBP12-rapamycin and TOR involves a conserved serine residue.FKBP12-雷帕霉素与TOR之间的相互作用涉及一个保守的丝氨酸残基。
J Biol Chem. 1994 Dec 23;269(51):32027-30.
8
TOR mutations confer rapamycin resistance by preventing interaction with FKBP12-rapamycin.TOR突变通过阻止与FKBP12-雷帕霉素相互作用而赋予对雷帕霉素的抗性。
J Biol Chem. 1995 Nov 17;270(46):27531-7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.46.27531.
9
Control of translation by the target of rapamycin proteins.雷帕霉素蛋白靶点对翻译的调控
Prog Mol Subcell Biol. 2001;27:143-74. doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-09889-9_6.
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TOR kinase domains are required for two distinct functions, only one of which is inhibited by rapamycin.TOR激酶结构域对于两种不同的功能是必需的，其中只有一种功能会被雷帕霉素抑制。
Cell. 1995 Jul 14;82(1):121-30. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90058-6.

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本文引用的文献

1
Cellular differentiation in the kidneys of newborn mice studies with the electron microscope.新生小鼠肾脏细胞分化的电子显微镜研究
J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1957 May 25;3(3):349-62. doi: 10.1083/jcb.3.3.349.
2
The immunosuppressant rapamycin mimics a starvation-like signal distinct from amino acid and glucose deprivation.免疫抑制剂雷帕霉素模拟了一种不同于氨基酸和葡萄糖剥夺的饥饿样信号。
Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Aug;22(15):5575-84. doi: 10.1128/MCB.22.15.5575-5584.2002.
3
The TOR-controlled transcription activators GLN3, RTG1, and RTG3 are regulated in response to intracellular levels of glutamine.由TOR控制的转录激活因子GLN3、RTG1和RTG3会根据细胞内谷氨酰胺水平进行调节。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 May 14;99(10):6784-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.102687599. Epub 2002 May 7.
4
Expression and disruption of the Arabidopsis TOR (target of rapamycin) gene.拟南芥雷帕霉素靶蛋白（TOR）基因的表达与破坏
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Apr 30;99(9):6422-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.092141899.
5
RTG-dependent mitochondria-to-nucleus signaling is regulated by MKS1 and is linked to formation of yeast prion [URE3].依赖于实时定量生长分析（RTG）的线粒体到细胞核的信号传导由MKS1调节，并与酵母朊病毒[URE3]的形成有关。
Mol Biol Cell. 2002 Mar;13(3):795-804. doi: 10.1091/mbc.01-09-0473.
6
Mks1 in concert with TOR signaling negatively regulates RTG target gene expression in S. cerevisiae.在酿酒酵母中，Mks1与TOR信号传导协同作用，对RTG靶基因的表达起负调控作用。
Curr Biol. 2002 Mar 5;12(5):389-95. doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00677-2.
7
Rapamycin inhibits primary and metastatic tumor growth by antiangiogenesis: involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor.雷帕霉素通过抗血管生成抑制原发性和转移性肿瘤生长：血管内皮生长因子的作用。
Nat Med. 2002 Feb;8(2):128-35. doi: 10.1038/nm0202-128.
8
TIP41 interacts with TAP42 and negatively regulates the TOR signaling pathway.TIP41与TAP42相互作用，并负向调节TOR信号通路。
Mol Cell. 2001 Nov;8(5):1017-26. doi: 10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00386-0.
9
The TOR signal transduction cascade controls cellular differentiation in response to nutrients.TOR信号转导级联反应可控制细胞对营养物质作出响应时的分化过程。
Mol Biol Cell. 2001 Dec;12(12):4103-13. doi: 10.1091/mbc.12.12.4103.
10
Phosphatidic acid-mediated mitogenic activation of mTOR signaling.磷脂酸介导的mTOR信号通路的促有丝分裂激活。
Science. 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1942-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1066015.

阐明TOR信号传导与雷帕霉素作用：来自酿酒酵母的经验教训。

Elucidating TOR signaling and rapamycin action: lessons from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

作者信息

Crespo José L, Hall Michael N

机构信息

Division of Biochemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.

出版信息

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2002 Dec;66(4):579-91, table of contents. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.66.4.579-591.2002.

DOI:10.1128/MMBR.66.4.579-591.2002
PMID:12456783
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC134654/
Abstract

TOR (target of rapamycin) is a phosphatidylinositol kinase-related protein kinase that controls cell growth in response to nutrients. Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive and anticancer drug that acts by inhibiting TOR. The modes of action of TOR and rapamycin are remarkably conserved from S. cerevisiae to humans. The current understanding of TOR and rapamycin is derived largely from studies with S. cerevisiae. In this review, we discuss the contributions made by S. cerevisiae to understanding rapamycin action and TOR function.

摘要

雷帕霉素靶蛋白（TOR）是一种磷脂酰肌醇激酶相关蛋白激酶，可根据营养物质来控制细胞生长。雷帕霉素是一种免疫抑制和抗癌药物，通过抑制TOR发挥作用。从酿酒酵母到人类，TOR和雷帕霉素的作用模式都显著保守。目前对TOR和雷帕霉素的认识很大程度上来自对酿酒酵母的研究。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了酿酒酵母对理解雷帕霉素作用和TOR功能所做的贡献。