Sargent James D, Heatherton Todd F, Ahrens M Bridget, Dalton Madeline A, Tickle Jennifer J, Beach Michael L
Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2002 Dec;31(6):449-54. doi: 10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00399-3.
To determine exposure of young adolescents to extremely violent movies.
Cross-sectional school-based survey of middle school students at 15 randomly selected New Hampshire and Vermont middle schools. Each survey contained a unique list of 50 movies, randomly selected from 603 top box office hits from 1988 to 1999, 51 of which were determined by content analysis to contain extremely violent material. Movie titles only were listed, and adolescents were asked to indicate which ones they had seen. Each movie appeared on approximately 470 surveys. We calculated the percentage of students who had seen each movie for a representative subsample of the student population. We also examined characteristics associated with seeing at least one extremely violent movie. Complete survey information was obtained from 5,456 students. The sample was primarily white and equally distributed by gender.
On average, extremely violent movies were seen by 28% of the students in the sample (range 4% to 66%). The most popular movie, Scream, was seen by two-thirds of students overall and over 40% of fifth-graders. Other movies with sexualized violent content were seen by many of these adolescents. Examples include The General's Daughter (rated R for "graphic images related to sexual violence including a rape scene and perverse sexuality") and Natural Born Killers (rated R for "extreme violence and graphic carnage, shocking images, language, and sexuality"), seen by 27% and 20%, respectively. Older students, males, those of lower socioeconomic status, and those with poorer school performance were all significantly more likely to have seen at least one extremely violent movie.
This study documents widespread exposure of young adolescents to movies with brutal, and often sexualized, violence. Given that many of these films were marketed to teens, better oversight of the marketing practices of the film industry may be warranted.
确定青少年接触极端暴力电影的情况。
对新罕布什尔州和佛蒙特州随机抽取的15所中学的中学生进行基于学校的横断面调查。每份调查问卷包含一份独特的50部电影清单，这些电影是从1988年至1999年的603部票房冠军影片中随机选取的，其中51部经内容分析确定包含极端暴力内容。清单上仅列出电影片名，青少年被要求指出他们看过哪些电影。每部电影大约出现在470份调查问卷中。我们计算了学生总体代表性子样本中看过每部电影的学生百分比。我们还研究了与看过至少一部极端暴力电影相关的特征。从5456名学生那里获得了完整的调查信息。样本主要是白人，按性别平均分布。
样本中平均28%的学生看过极端暴力电影（范围为4%至66%）。最受欢迎的电影《惊声尖叫》，总体上有三分之二的学生看过，五年级学生中超过40%看过。许多青少年还看过其他包含性暴力内容的电影。例如，《西点揭秘》（因“与性暴力相关的生动画面，包括强奸场景和变态性行为”被评为R级）和《天生杀人狂》（因“极端暴力和血腥屠杀、令人震惊的画面、语言和性内容”被评为R级），分别有27%和20%的学生看过。年龄较大的学生、男性、社会经济地位较低的学生以及学业成绩较差的学生，看过至少一部极端暴力电影的可能性都显著更高。
本研究记录了青少年广泛接触含有残酷且往往带有性元素暴力的电影的情况。鉴于其中许多电影是面向青少年营销的，或许有必要加强对电影行业营销行为的监管。
