Sargent James D, Wills Thomas A, Stoolmiller Mike, Gibson Jennifer, Gibbons Frederick X
Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 2006 Jan;67(1):54-65. doi: 10.15288/jsa.2006.67.54.
Little is known about the impact of viewing depictions of alcohol in entertainment media on adolescent drinking behavior. Our aims were to assess drinking in a sample of popular contemporary movies and to examine the association of movie alcohol exposure with early-onset drinking in an adolescent sample.
We conducted a school-based cross-sectional survey (N=4655) with longitudinal follow-up of never-drinkers (N=2406) involving adolescents ages 10-14 years and recruited from 15 New Hampshire and Vermont schools. Screen depictions of alcohol use were timed for each of 601 popular contemporary movies. Each adolescent was asked if he/she had seen a unique list of 50 movie titles, randomly selected from the larger pool. Movie alcohol use was summed for movies the adolescent had seen, adjusted to reflect exposure to the larger pool and modeled as a continuous variable.
Ninety-two percent of the movies in the sample depicted drinking; median screen time for movie alcohol use was 2.5 minutes (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.9-5.0 minutes). Median exposure to movie alcohol use from the 601 movies was 8.6 hours (IQR: 4.6-13.5 hours). Overall 23.1% of the cross-sectional sample had tried alcohol, and 14.8% of initial nondrinkers had tried alcohol at the follow-up assessment. We found statistical evidence to support a curvilinear association between higher exposure to movie alcohol use and increased risk of prevalent and incident alcohol use, with a statistically significant linear and quadratic effect, and suggesting a higher dose-effect relationship at lower movie alcohol exposure levels compared to higher levels. The linear and the quadratic associations remained strong and significant in cross-sectional and prospective models after controlling for sociodemographics (grade in school, school, gender, parent education), personality characteristics of the adolescent (sensation seeking, rebelliousness, self-esteem), school performance, parenting style, and smoking experimentation, suggesting that exposure to movie alcohol use is an independent risk factor for early-onset alcohol use.
This study provides the first evidence for an association between exposure to movie alcohol use and early-onset teen drinking. The association is moderate in effect size and independent of a number of potential confounders. Because exposure to movie alcohol use is common, it may have important population implications as a potentially modifiable risk factor.
关于在娱乐媒体中观看酒精相关描述对青少年饮酒行为的影响，我们所知甚少。我们的目标是评估当代流行电影样本中的饮酒情况，并在青少年样本中研究电影中酒精暴露与早发性饮酒之间的关联。
我们开展了一项基于学校的横断面调查（N = 4655），对从不饮酒者（N = 2406）进行纵向随访，这些青少年年龄在10至14岁之间，来自新罕布什尔州和佛蒙特州的15所学校。对601部当代流行电影中的每一部进行酒精使用画面时长统计。询问每个青少年是否看过从更大的电影库中随机挑选出的50部电影的独特清单。将青少年看过的电影中的酒精使用情况进行汇总，调整后以反映对更大电影库的暴露情况，并将其建模为连续变量。
样本中的92%的电影描绘了饮酒场景；电影中酒精使用的中位时长为2.5分钟（四分位间距[IQR]：0.9 - 5.0分钟）。从601部电影中接触电影酒精使用的中位时长为8.6小时（IQR：4.6 - 13.5小时）。总体而言，横断面样本中有23.1%的人尝试过饮酒，在随访评估中，14.8%的最初不饮酒者尝试过饮酒。我们发现有统计证据支持电影酒精使用暴露程度越高与普遍饮酒和新发饮酒风险增加之间存在曲线关联，具有统计学显著的线性和二次效应，且表明与较高水平相比，在较低电影酒精暴露水平下剂量 - 效应关系更高。在控制了社会人口统计学因素（在校年级、学校、性别、父母教育程度）、青少年的个性特征（寻求刺激、叛逆、自尊）、学业成绩、养育方式和吸烟尝试后，线性和二次关联在横断面和前瞻性模型中仍然很强且显著，这表明接触电影酒精使用是早发性饮酒的一个独立风险因素。
本研究首次提供了电影酒精使用暴露与青少年早发性饮酒之间存在关联的证据。这种关联在效应大小上适中，且独立于许多潜在的混杂因素。由于接触电影酒精使用很常见，作为一个潜在的可改变风险因素，它可能对人群有重要影响。
