Tweyongyere Robert, Katongole Ignatious
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
Vet Hum Toxicol. 2002 Dec;44(6):366-9.
This study determined the cyanogenic potential of the cassava peels and assess the effectiveness of sun drying, heap fermentation and wet fermentation (soaking) in reducing the cyanide potential of the peels. Fresh cassava peels from major fresh food markets in Kampala and cassava grown in various parts of Uganda from Namolonge Agricultural and Animal Research Institute were used. The fresh peels from the market were subjected to the different detoxification methods foe 5 d; the cyanide potential was determined by enzymatic assay. The mean potential of the cassava peels from the food markets Kampala was 856 mg cyanide equivalen/kg of dry matter. The potential of the peels of the 14 cultivars fell between 253 and 1081 mg cyanide eQuivalent/kg of dry matter. High cyanogenic potential cultivars dominate on the market and pose danger of poisoning to livestock fed on fresh cassava peels. Treatment of the peels by sun-drying, heap fermentation on soaking reduced the cyanide potential to below 100 mg cyanide equivalent/kg of dry matter at 48, 72 and 96 h respectively. Sun-dying caused an early sharp fall in the cyanide potential, but heap fermentation or soaking gave the lowest residual cyanide after 120 h. Cassava peels could be safely used as livestock feed if they are treated to reduce the cyanogenic potential.
本研究测定了木薯皮的生氰潜力，并评估了晒干、堆肥发酵和湿发酵（浸泡）在降低木薯皮氰化物潜力方面的有效性。使用了来自坎帕拉主要新鲜食品市场的新鲜木薯皮以及来自纳莫隆格农业和动物研究所的乌干达各地种植的木薯。来自市场的新鲜木薯皮采用不同的解毒方法处理5天；通过酶法测定氰化物潜力。坎帕拉食品市场的木薯皮平均潜力为856毫克氰化物当量/千克干物质。14个品种的木薯皮潜力在253至1081毫克氰化物当量/千克干物质之间。高生氰潜力品种在市场上占主导地位，对以新鲜木薯皮为食的牲畜构成中毒危险。通过晒干、堆肥发酵或浸泡处理木薯皮，分别在48、72和96小时后可将氰化物潜力降低至100毫克氰化物当量/千克干物质以下。晒干导致氰化物潜力早期急剧下降，但堆肥发酵或浸泡在120小时后残留氰化物最低。如果对木薯皮进行处理以降低其生氰潜力，木薯皮可安全用作牲畜饲料。
