Mathlouthi N, Lallès J P, Lepercq P, Juste C, Larbier M
INRA, Station de Recherches Avicoles, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
J Anim Sci. 2002 Nov;80(11):2773-9. doi: 10.2527/2002.80112773x.
This study was performed with growing chickens (4 to 22 d of age) to evaluate the effects of feeding a rye-based diet supplemented with commercial enzyme preparation containing xylanase and beta-glucanase (Quatrazyme HP, Nutri-Tomen, France) on small intestine wall morphology, bile acid composition, nutrient digestibility, and bird performance compared with unsupplemented rye- or corn-based diets. The rye-based diet decreased (P < or = 0.05) weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency and increased water intake compared with the corn-based diet. Moreover, rye consumption reduced crude fat and protein digestibility as well as apparent metabolizable energy (P < or = 0.05). The small intestine wall showed that villus length, width, and surface were decreased in broiler chickens fed the rye-based diet compared with those fed the corn-based diet. However, crypt morphometry parameters were not affected by diet type. The concentration of conjugated bile acids in the small intestine contents of broiler chickens fed the rye-based diet was decreased (P < or = 0.05) compared with those fed the corn-based diet. These findings suggest that feeding a rye-based diet reduces villus capacity for nutrient absorption and bile acid capacity for fat solubilization and emulsification, resulting in decreased bird performance. The addition of xylanase and beta-glucanase to the rye-based diet improved (P < or = 0.05) weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency, and decreased water intake. The digestibility of nutrients and apparent metabolizable energy were also increased (P < or = 0.05). Addition of xylanase and beta-glucanase increased (P < or = 0.05) villus size and the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, as well as the concentration of conjugated bile acids (P < or = 0.05) in the small intestine contents. Exogenous enzymes improved nutrient digestibility and broiler chicken performance, probably by improving the absorption capacity ofthe small intestine through increased villus surface and intestinal concentration of conjugated bile acids.
本研究以生长中的雏鸡（4至22日龄）为对象，旨在评估与未添加酶制剂的黑麦或玉米基础日粮相比，在黑麦基础日粮中添加含有木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶的商业酶制剂（Quatrazyme HP，法国Nutri-Tomen公司）对小肠壁形态、胆汁酸组成、养分消化率及家禽生产性能的影响。与玉米基础日粮相比，黑麦基础日粮降低了（P≤0.05）体重增加、采食量和饲料效率，并增加了饮水量。此外，采食黑麦降低了粗脂肪和蛋白质的消化率以及表观代谢能（P≤0.05）。小肠壁显示，与饲喂玉米基础日粮的肉鸡相比，饲喂黑麦基础日粮的肉鸡绒毛长度、宽度和表面积均减小。然而，隐窝形态计量学参数不受日粮类型影响。与饲喂玉米基础日粮的肉鸡相比，饲喂黑麦基础日粮的肉鸡小肠内容物中结合胆汁酸的浓度降低（P≤0.05）。这些结果表明，饲喂黑麦基础日粮会降低绒毛吸收养分的能力以及胆汁酸溶解和乳化脂肪的能力，从而导致家禽生产性能下降。在黑麦基础日粮中添加木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶可改善（P≤0.05）体重增加、采食量和饲料效率，并减少饮水量。养分消化率和表观代谢能也有所提高（P≤0.05）。添加木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶增加了（P≤0.05）绒毛大小和绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比，以及小肠内容物中结合胆汁酸的浓度（P≤0.05）。外源性酶可能通过增加绒毛表面积和小肠中结合胆汁酸的浓度来提高小肠吸收能力，从而改善养分消化率和肉鸡生产性能。
