Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
J Sci Food Agric. 2012 Jan 15;92(1):184-90. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.4561. Epub 2011 Jul 21.
To our knowledge, there is scant literature on comparative broiler response to cereal diets high in soluble non-starch polysaccharides without or with enzyme, prebiotic, probiotic or synbiotic supplementation. In the present study, the effects of a wheat- and barley-based diet with or without supplemental xylanase plus β-glucanase, inulin, Enterococcus faecium or inulin plus Enterococcus faecium, on bird performance, digesta viscosity, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora were compared to a maize-based diet.
In comparison to a maize-based diet, the wheat- and barley-based diet reduced (P < 0.05) body weight gain and feed intake, but did not affect to the feed-to-gain ratio. Apparent digestibility of crude fat and various fatty acids were decreased (P < 0.05) as well as apparent metabolisable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention content. There was an increase (P < 0.05) in the viscosity of jejunal digesta and in the caecal numbers of Escherichia coli and lactobacilli, and a decrease in the ileal numbers of E. coli and lactobacilli. Performance parameters and nutrient digestibility were not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary inclusion of the additives used, with the exception that exogenous enzyme improved (P < 0.05) the apparent digestibility of crude fat and decreased the viscosity of jejunal digesta. Enzyme and Enterococcus faecium supplementation increased intestinal lactic acid bacteria, whereas inulin addition reduced the number of E. coli (P < 0.05). Addition of inulin-Enterococcus faecium decreased E. coli and increased bifidobacteria numbers in the caeca.
Enzyme supplementation to a wheat- and barley-based diet significantly improved the apparent digestibility of dietary fat. All four additives had a beneficial effect on the intestinal microflora of broilers.
据我们所知，关于高可溶性非淀粉多糖谷物日粮对肉鸡的影响，尤其是在不添加或添加酶、益生元、益生菌或合生元的情况下，相关文献很少。本研究比较了以小麦和大麦为基础的日粮，添加或不添加木聚糖酶+β-葡聚糖酶、菊粉、粪肠球菌或菊粉+粪肠球菌对鸟类生产性能、食糜粘度、养分消化率和肠道微生物区系的影响，与以玉米为基础的日粮进行比较。
与以玉米为基础的日粮相比，以小麦和大麦为基础的日粮降低了（P < 0.05）体重增加和饲料摄入量，但对饲料增重比没有影响。粗脂肪和各种脂肪酸的表观消化率降低（P < 0.05），代谢能校正至零氮保留量也降低。空肠食糜粘度增加（P < 0.05），回肠大肠杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量增加，回肠大肠杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量减少。除了外源酶提高（P < 0.05）粗脂肪的表观消化率并降低空肠食糜的粘度外，日粮中添加添加剂对性能参数和养分消化率没有影响（P > 0.05）。酶和粪肠球菌的添加增加了肠道乳酸菌，而菊粉的添加减少了大肠杆菌的数量（P < 0.05）。添加菊粉-粪肠球菌降低了盲肠中的大肠杆菌数量，增加了双歧杆菌数量。
在以小麦和大麦为基础的日粮中添加酶可显著提高日粮脂肪的表观消化率。所有四种添加剂对肉鸡肠道微生物区系都有有益的影响。
