Phillips W A, Ra S C, Fitch J Q, Mayeux H S
USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, OK 73036, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2002 Nov;80(11):2989-95. doi: 10.2527/2002.80112989x.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the dietary value of pellets containing kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus cv. 'Everglade 41') hay. Averaged across both experiments, kenaf pellets contained 82.6% kenaf hay, 16.6% liquid molasses, and 0.8% mineral oil. The chemical composition of the kenaf pellet was 12.6% crude protein (CP), 41.2% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and 14.4% acid detergent fiber (ADF). In Exp. 1 (digestion and N balance trial), 18 lambs (body weight [BW] = 36.4 kg) were blocked by BW. Lambs were randomly assigned within a block to Diet 1 (59.5% corn and 40.5% alfalfa pellet), Diet 2 (59.7% corn, 28.4% alfalfa pellets, and 11.9% kenaf pellets), or Diet 3 (59.6% corn, 16.5% alfalfa pellets, and 23.9% kenaf pellets). Diets were formulated so that CP was the first-limiting nutrient. Each diet was limit-fed at 2.4% of BW. Replacing alfalfa pellets with kenaf pellets tended to decrease (P = 0.10) CP and ADF intakes, but increased (P = 0.01) DM digestibility. Diet had no effect (P = 0.33) on N balance. In Exp. 2 (dry matter [DM] intake trial), 32 lambs (BW = 30.4 kg) were blocked by gender and BW. Within a block, lambs were randomly assigned to one of four diets in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Main effects were hay (bermudagrass or fescue) and supplemental protein source (kenaf or alfalfa pellets). Lambs were housed in individual pens with ad libitum access to the assigned hay. Supplemental protein was fed (185 g of DM) once daily. Hay intake was measured weekly for 8 wk. Lambs consumed more (P = 0.002) fescue than bermudagrass hay (743 vs 621 g/ d). Lambs fed fescue hay gained weight more rapidly (P = 0.001) than lambs fed bermudagrass hay (120 vs 72 g/d). Hay intake and ADG were similar (P = 0.90) for lambs fed alfalfa or kenaf pellets. Kenaf hay mixed with molasses and mineral oil can be formed into a pellet. In the diets used in this experiments, kenaf pellets can replace alfalfa pellets in diets fed to lambs without altering forage intake, gain, or N retention.
进行了两项试验以确定含有洋麻（红麻品种‘大沼泽地41’）干草的颗粒饲料的饲用价值。两项试验的平均值显示，洋麻颗粒饲料含有82.6%的洋麻干草、16.6%的液体糖蜜和0.8%的矿物油。洋麻颗粒饲料的化学成分包括12.6%的粗蛋白（CP）、41.2%的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和14.4%的酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）。在试验1（消化和氮平衡试验）中，18只羔羊（体重[BW]=36.4千克）按体重进行分组。在每个组内，羔羊被随机分配到日粮1（59.5%玉米和40.5%苜蓿颗粒饲料）、日粮2（59.7%玉米、28.4%苜蓿颗粒饲料和11.9%洋麻颗粒饲料）或日粮3（59.6%玉米、16.5%苜蓿颗粒饲料和23.9%洋麻颗粒饲料）。日粮配方使粗蛋白成为第一限制营养成分。每种日粮按体重的2.4%进行限量饲喂。用洋麻颗粒饲料替代苜蓿颗粒饲料往往会降低（P=0.10）粗蛋白和酸性洗涤纤维的摄入量，但会提高（P=0.01）干物质消化率。日粮对氮平衡没有影响（P=0.33）。在试验2（干物质[DM]摄入量试验）中，32只羔羊（体重=30.4千克）按性别和体重进行分组。在每个组内，羔羊被随机分配到以2×2析因设计安排的四种日粮之一。主要因素是干草（百慕大草或羊茅）和补充蛋白质来源（洋麻或苜蓿颗粒饲料）。羔羊被饲养在单独的围栏中，可自由采食指定的干草。每天补充一次蛋白质（干物质185克）。连续8周每周测量干草摄入量。羔羊采食的羊茅比百慕大草多（P=0.002）（分别为743克/天和621克/天）。采食羊茅干草的羔羊比采食百慕大草干草的羔羊增重更快（P=0.001）（分别为120克/天和72克/天）。采食苜蓿或洋麻颗粒饲料的羔羊的干草摄入量和平均日增重相似（P=0.90）。洋麻干草与糖蜜和矿物油混合后可制成颗粒饲料。在本试验所使用的日粮中，洋麻颗粒饲料可替代饲喂羔羊日粮中的苜蓿颗粒饲料，而不会改变采食量、增重或氮保留情况。
