Normandin Louise, Panisset Michel, Zayed Joseph
TOXHUM (Human Toxicology Research Group), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebéc, Canada, H3C 3J7.
Rev Environ Health. 2002 Jul-Sep;17(3):189-217. doi: 10.1515/reveh.2002.17.3.189.
The human central nervous system is an important target for manganese intoxication, which causes neurological symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease. With the increasing use of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) as an octane-improving additive to unleaded gasoline, the prospect of worldwide manganese exposure is once again attracting attention as increases in environmental manganese concentrations have been recorded relative to traffic density. One crucial question is whether a small increase of manganese contamination resulting from the widespread use of MMT could have neurotoxic effects. In this review we concentrate on central nervous system abnormalities and neurobehavioral disturbances. Most experimental animal studies on manganese neurotoxicity have been conducted in nonhuman primates and rodents. Most studies performed in rodents used oral manganese administration and did not assess bioaccumulation or central nervous system changes. The major effect found was transient modification of spontaneous motor activity. Very few inhalation toxicological studies were carried out. As manganese intoxication in humans usually occurs via inhalation, more studies are required using the respiratory route of administration. Given the proven neurotoxic effects of manganese and the prospect of worldwide MMT usage, this metal should be considered a new environmental pollutant having potentially widespread public health consequences.
人类中枢神经系统是锰中毒的重要靶器官，锰中毒会引发类似于帕金森病的神经症状。随着甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰（MMT）作为无铅汽油的抗爆添加剂的使用日益增加，由于环境中锰浓度随交通密度增加而上升，全球范围内锰暴露的前景再次引起关注。一个关键问题是，MMT的广泛使用导致的锰污染小幅增加是否会产生神经毒性作用。在本综述中，我们重点关注中枢神经系统异常和神经行为障碍。大多数关于锰神经毒性的实验动物研究是在非人类灵长类动物和啮齿动物中进行的。大多数在啮齿动物中进行的研究采用口服锰给药方式，未评估生物蓄积或中枢神经系统变化。发现的主要影响是自发运动活动的短暂改变。很少进行吸入毒理学研究。由于人类锰中毒通常通过吸入发生，因此需要更多使用呼吸道给药途径的研究。鉴于锰已证实的神经毒性作用以及全球使用MMT的前景，这种金属应被视为一种可能对公众健康产生广泛潜在影响的新型环境污染物。
