Dänicke S, Gädeken D, Ueberschär K H, Meyer U, Scholz H
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Braunschweig, Bundesallee 50, D-38116 Braunschweig.
Arch Tierernahr. 2002 Aug;56(4):245-61. doi: 10.1080/00039420214347.
Experiments were carried out to examine the effects of a Fusarium contaminated wheat (10 mg deoxynivalenol and 0.76 mg zearalenone, ZON, per kg dry matter) and of a detoxifying agent (Mycofix Plus, Biomin GmbH, Herzogenburg, Austria) on the growing performance of bulls, carry-over of ZON and its metabolites into body fluids and tissues, and on nutrient digestibility in wethers. The experiments were designed according to a complete two by two factorial approach which meant that both the uncontaminated control wheat and the Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat were tested both in the absence and presence of Mycofix Plus. The growing experiment with bulls (n = 14 per treatment) covered the live weight range between 244 kg and 460 kg. The respective wheat batches were included in the concentrate portion at 65%. Concentrates were fed according to plan whereas maize silage was offered for ad libitum consumption. Daily dry matter intake and live weight gain [kg per animal and day] were 7.40, 7.52, 7.51 and 7.49 and 1.367, 1.296, 1.380 and 1.307 for bulls fed the unsupplemented control wheat, the supplemented control wheat, the unsupplemented and Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat and the supplemented Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat, respectively. ZON and its metabolites were not detected in edible tissues. The most striking effects of feeding the Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat on carcass characteristics were a reduced dressing percentage, an increased weight of the emptied gastro-intestinal tract and a reduced weight of the testicles. No effect of the detoxifying agent was seen for these parameters whereas heart weight increased independently of Fusarium toxin contamination of the concentrates. Nutrient digestibility of the two wheat batches, unsupplemented or supplemented with Mycofix Plus was evaluated according to the difference method using wethers. Presence of Fusarium toxins in wheat did not influence its feeding value. The effects of the addition of the detoxifying agent were mycotoxin unspecific and resulted in an increase in apparent digestibility of crude protein and a decrease in crude fiber digestibility. It is concluded that feeding of Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat did not adversely affect performance of growing bulls (approximately 2.2 mg DON and 0.1 mg ZON per kg complete ration at a reference dry matter content of 88%) or nutrient digestibility in wethers. The effects of the detoxifying agent Mycofix Plus on growing performance and on nutrient digestibility were rather Fusarium toxin unspecific. The slightly negative effects on growing performance needs to be examined further.
开展了实验,以研究受镰刀菌污染的小麦(每千克干物质含10毫克脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和0.76毫克玉米赤霉烯酮,ZON)和一种解毒剂(Mycofix Plus,百奥明股份公司,奥地利黑措根堡)对公牛生长性能、ZON及其代谢产物在体液和组织中的残留以及阉羊营养消化率的影响。实验采用完全二乘二析因设计方法,这意味着未受污染的对照小麦和受镰刀菌毒素污染的小麦均在不存在和存在Mycofix Plus的情况下进行测试。公牛生长实验(每个处理14头)涵盖244千克至460千克的体重范围。各自的小麦批次以65%的比例包含在精料部分。精料按计划投喂,而玉米青贮则随意供应。对于投喂未添加添加剂的对照小麦、添加添加剂的对照小麦、未添加添加剂且受镰刀菌毒素污染的小麦以及添加添加剂且受镰刀菌毒素污染的小麦的公牛,每日干物质摄入量和体重增加[每头动物每天千克数]分别为7.40、7.52、7.51和7.49以及1.367、1.296、1.380和1.307。在可食用组织中未检测到ZON及其代谢产物。投喂受镰刀菌毒素污染的小麦对胴体特性最显著的影响是屠宰率降低、空胃肠道重量增加和睾丸重量减轻。对于这些参数,未观察到解毒剂的影响,而心脏重量的增加与精料是否受镰刀菌毒素污染无关。使用阉羊,根据差值法评估了两种小麦批次(未添加或添加Mycofix Plus)的营养消化率。小麦中镰刀菌毒素的存在不影响其饲喂价值。添加解毒剂的影响是非霉菌毒素特异性的,导致粗蛋白表观消化率增加,粗纤维消化率降低。得出的结论是,投喂受镰刀菌毒素污染的小麦(在参考干物质含量88%时,每千克全价日粮中约含2.2毫克呕吐毒素和0.1毫克玉米赤霉烯酮)对生长公牛的性能或阉羊的营养消化率没有不利影响。解毒剂Mycofix Plus对生长性能和营养消化率的影响在很大程度上是非镰刀菌毒素特异性的。对生长性能的轻微负面影响需要进一步研究。