Laloë V
Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France.
Burns. 2002 Dec;28(8):778-81. doi: 10.1016/s0305-4179(02)00202-4.
This 2-year prospective study examined the epidemiology and mortality of 345 patients admitted with burn injuries. Sixty-four percent of all burns were accidental in nature and at least 25% were self-inflicted. The rest were due to assaults or had a doubtful cause. The median age was 22 years. Forty-one percent of the accidents were due to the fall of a homemade kerosene bottle lamp. The main cause was flames, followed by scalds. Females outnumbered males in all categories of burns except cases of assault, and suffered from a higher mortality. Most at risk of accidental burns were children between 1 and 4 years, who suffered primarily from scalds. Self-inflicted burns were most common among women aged 20-29 years. The overall median total body surface area (TBSA) burned was 16%. Self-inflicted and 'doubtful' burns were much more extensive and more often fatal than accidental ones. The overall mortality rate was 27%. Burns involving more than 50% of the body surface area were invariably fatal. Mortality was highest in the elderly and in the 20-29 years age group. Burns were the first single cause of mortality in the surgical wards. The case is made for the establishment of more Burns Units.
这项为期两年的前瞻性研究调查了345例烧伤患者的流行病学情况及死亡率。所有烧伤中，64%为意外烧伤，至少25%为自残烧伤。其余的是因袭击所致或原因不明。中位年龄为22岁。41%的意外烧伤是由自制煤油瓶灯掉落所致。主要致伤原因是火焰，其次是烫伤。除袭击所致烧伤外，在各类烧伤中女性患者均多于男性，且死亡率更高。1至4岁儿童最易发生意外烧伤，主要为烫伤。20至29岁女性自残烧伤最为常见。总体烧伤的中位体表面积（TBSA）为16%。自残烧伤和“原因不明”的烧伤比意外烧伤范围更广，且更常导致死亡。总体死亡率为27%。体表面积烧伤超过50%的患者无一存活。老年人和20至29岁年龄组的死亡率最高。烧伤是外科病房首位单一致死原因。文中呼吁建立更多的烧伤治疗科室。
