Raizada Rajeev D S, Grossberg Stephen
MGH-NMR Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
Cereb Cortex. 2003 Jan;13(1):100-13. doi: 10.1093/cercor/13.1.100.
One of the most exciting and open research frontiers in neuroscience is that of seeking to understand the functional roles of the layers of cerebral cortex. New experimental techniques for probing the laminar circuitry of cortex have recently been developed, opening up novel opportunities for investigating how its six-layered architecture contributes to perception and cognition. The task of trying to interpret this complex structure can be facilitated by theoretical analyses of the types of computations that cortex is carrying out, and of how these might be implemented in specific cortical circuits. We have recently developed a detailed neural model of how the parvocellular stream of the visual cortex utilizes its feedforward, feedback and horizontal interactions for purposes of visual filtering, attention and perceptual grouping. This model, called LAMINART, shows how these perceptual processes relate to the mechanisms that ensure the stable development of cortical circuits in the infant, and to the continued stability of learning in the adult. The present article reviews this laminar theory of visual cortex, considers how it may be generalized towards a more comprehensive theory that encompasses other cortical areas and cognitive processes, and shows how its laminar framework generates a variety of testable predictions.
神经科学中最令人兴奋且开放的研究前沿之一是试图理解大脑皮层各层的功能作用。最近已开发出用于探究皮层分层回路的新实验技术，为研究其六层结构如何促进感知和认知开辟了新机会。通过对皮层正在执行的计算类型以及这些计算如何在特定皮层回路中实现进行理论分析，有助于解读这一复杂结构的任务。我们最近开发了一个详细的神经模型，该模型展示了视觉皮层的小细胞通路如何利用其前馈、反馈和水平相互作用进行视觉过滤、注意力和感知分组。这个名为LAMINART的模型展示了这些感知过程如何与确保婴儿皮层回路稳定发育以及成人学习持续稳定性的机制相关。本文回顾了这种视觉皮层的分层理论，考虑了如何将其推广为一个更全面的理论，涵盖其他皮层区域和认知过程，并展示了其分层框架如何产生各种可测试的预测。
