Impact of the first Streptomyces genome sequence on the discovery and production of bioactive substances.

An important addition to the field of bacterial genomics is the recent publication of the complete genome sequence of Streptomyces coelicolor. This strain has been for some decades the model organism for streptomycetes and other filamentous actinomycetes, Gram-positive bacteria highly valuable for their ability to produce thousands of bioactive metabolites, many of which have found important applications in medicine and agriculture. We discuss here the impacts that the S. coelicolor genome sequence is likely to have on the production of bioactive metabolites by current industrial strains, on the possible development of future superhost(s) for the production of valuable drugs, and on the search for new bioactive substances from microbial sources.