Brook Itzhak
Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
Microbes Infect. 2002 Oct;4(12):1271-80. doi: 10.1016/s1286-4579(02)01656-8.
Anaerobic bacteria can cause a variety of endogenous infections in children. Because of their fastidious nature, they are difficult to isolate from infectious sites, and are often overlooked. Anaerobic infections can occur in all body sites, including the central nervous system, oral cavity, head and neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, skin, and soft tissues. They colonize the newborn after delivery and have been recovered from several types of neonatal infections. These include cellulitis of the site of fetal monitoring, neonatal aspiration pneumonia, bacteremia, conjunctivitis, omphalitis, and infant botulism. The lack of adequate therapy may lead to clinical failures. Their isolation requires appropriate methods of collection, transportation and cultivation of specimens. Treatment is complicated by their slow growth, their polymicrobial nature and their growing resistance to antimicrobials. Antimicrobial therapy is often the only form of therapy required, whereas in others it is an important adjunct to a surgical approach. Because anaerobes are generally recovered mixed with aerobic organisms, the choice of antimicrobial agents should provide coverage of both types of pathogens.
厌氧菌可导致儿童发生多种内源性感染。由于其苛求的特性，它们很难从感染部位分离出来，且常常被忽视。厌氧菌感染可发生于身体的所有部位，包括中枢神经系统、口腔、头颈部、胸部、腹部、骨盆、皮肤和软组织。它们在新生儿出生后定植，并且已从多种类型的新生儿感染中分离出来。这些感染包括胎儿监护部位的蜂窝织炎、新生儿吸入性肺炎、菌血症、结膜炎、脐炎和婴儿肉毒中毒。缺乏足够的治疗可能导致临床治疗失败。它们的分离需要合适的标本采集、运送和培养方法。由于它们生长缓慢、具有多菌性以及对抗菌药物的耐药性不断增加，治疗变得复杂。抗菌治疗通常是所需的唯一治疗形式，而在其他情况下，它是手术治疗的重要辅助手段。由于厌氧菌通常是与需氧菌混合分离出来的，抗菌药物的选择应能覆盖这两种类型的病原体。
